Art History Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers.
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Art movement that includes
such works as Bernini's "David", Caravaggio's "Calling of St. Matthew", both Gentileschi's
"Judith Slaying Holofernes" and "Self Portrait as an Allegory of Painting", and Diego
Velazquez's "Las Meninas".
Baroque Art and Spectacle - Correct Answer This art style used exaggerated motion and
clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance and grandeur in
sculpture, painting, and architecture. Oftentimes a Baroque piece of art is ornate, detailed,
and expressive.
Saint Peter's - Correct Answer Pope Paul V commissioned architect Carlo Maderno to
complete this in Rome in 1606. For the façade, Maderno elaborated on his design of
another project, the Santa Susanna church. However, the two outer bays with bell towers
that are present at the façade were not part of his plan and detract from the verticality he
sought. Other artists that had a part in the design and decoration of this structure include
Michelangelo and Bernini, who constructed a baldacchino. This baldacchino serves both
functional and symbolic purposes. It marks Saint Peter's tomb and the high alter, and it
visually bridges the marble floor and the lofty vaults and dome above.
Tenebrism - Correct Answer Painting in the "shadowy matter", using violent contrasts of
light and dark, as in the work of Caravaggio.
Philip IV - Correct Answer King of Spain who named Diego Velazquez chief court artist and
palace chamberlain. He and Velazquez had a close relationship. This King admired
Velazquez's work and commissioned many pieces for him to create.
Bernini
"David"
1623
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Depicted in motion, as the
action is happening.
Energetic, unrestrained, emotionally charged facial expression.
Caravaggio
"Calling of St. Matthew"
,1597-1601
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Characteristic of
Caravaggio's mature style and Tenebrism.
The figures are unidealized and natural.
The beam of light directs the viewer's attention to the seated tax collector, and seems to
beckon him to join the Son of God in his earthly mission.
Gentileschi
"Judith Slaying Holofernes"
1614-1620
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer The dramatic lighting of the
action in the foreground emulates Caravaggio's style of Tenebrism.
Narrative of heroic women, which was a favorite theme of hers.
Gentileschi produced more than one painting of the subject.
Gentileschi
"Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting"
1630
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Set up a pair of mirrors to
record her features to produce her image from the side.
It is not a portrait of her at work on a specific painting but a portrait of Gentileschi as
Painting herself.
Velazquez
"Las Meninas"
1656
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Features cunning contrasts
of real, mirrored and pictured spaces.
Velazquez intended this huge, complex piece to elevate both himself and the profession of
painting in the eyes of Philip IV.
The Baroque in Northern Europe (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Art movement that
includes such works as Peter Paul Ruben's "Elevation of the Cross" and "Arrival of Marie",
Judith Leyster's "Self Portrait", Rembrandt's "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp" and "Self
, Portrait", Vermeer's "Allegory of the Art of Painting", Rachel Ruysch's "Flower Still Life" (s)
and Hyacinth Rigaud's "Louis XIV".
The Dutch Republic - Correct Answer Amsterdam emerged as the financial center of the
Continent in 1609. The city had the highest per capita income in Europe, and also
benefitted enormously from the country's expertise on the open seas, which established
lucrative trade routes to ports as far away as Japan, Africa, and South America. Because
of this prosperity, political power was placed into the hands of wealthy class merchants
and manufacturers.
The Art Market in the Dutch Republic - Correct Answer One distinguishing hallmark of
Dutch art production during this time was how it catered to the tastes of a middle class
audience. Although upper class citizens and the aristocracy still existed and continued to
be major patrons of the arts, the Dutch traders, soldiers, craftspeople and bureaucrats also
commissioned and collected art. Dutch artists, with the exception of portrait artists, hoped
to appeal to a wide audience. They sold their works directly to buyers who visited their
studios and through art dealers, exhibitions, fairs, auctions and even lotteries.
Frans Hals - Correct Answer 1581-1666- One of the most famous portrait painters of the
time period, along with Judith Leyster. Often painted group portraits as well, such as "The
Women Regents of the Old Men's Home at Haarlem" (1664), and "Archers of Saint
Hadrian" (1633). His group portraits are known for being lively and relaxed rather than
stuffy and lifeless, like his predecessors' work. Known for his spontaneity, rapid brush
strokes and for being ambitiously sized portraits. Each figure is an individual character with
his own expression and personality.
Dutch 'vanitas' Still-Life Paintings - Correct Answer Reflected the pride of the Dutch that
they managed to achieve prosperity solely through international trade, in that these still
lifes depicted accumulated goods, and worldly possessions. They are meticulously crafted
images both scientific in their optical accuracy and poetic in their beauty and lyricism.
Wealthy merchants in particular endorsed this type of painting because it fit their tastes,
which were distinctly different from those of patrons elsewhere in Baroque Europe.
The Louvre - Correct Answer King Louis XIV hired three French architects- Claude
Perrault, Louis le Vau, and Charles Le Brun- to complete the east side of the Louvre. The
design is a brilliant synthesis of French and Italian classical elements, culminating in a new
and definitive formula. The stately proportions and monumentality of the Baroque design
were both an expression of the new official French taste and a symbol of centrally
organized authority.
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Art movement that includes
such works as Bernini's "David", Caravaggio's "Calling of St. Matthew", both Gentileschi's
"Judith Slaying Holofernes" and "Self Portrait as an Allegory of Painting", and Diego
Velazquez's "Las Meninas".
Baroque Art and Spectacle - Correct Answer This art style used exaggerated motion and
clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance and grandeur in
sculpture, painting, and architecture. Oftentimes a Baroque piece of art is ornate, detailed,
and expressive.
Saint Peter's - Correct Answer Pope Paul V commissioned architect Carlo Maderno to
complete this in Rome in 1606. For the façade, Maderno elaborated on his design of
another project, the Santa Susanna church. However, the two outer bays with bell towers
that are present at the façade were not part of his plan and detract from the verticality he
sought. Other artists that had a part in the design and decoration of this structure include
Michelangelo and Bernini, who constructed a baldacchino. This baldacchino serves both
functional and symbolic purposes. It marks Saint Peter's tomb and the high alter, and it
visually bridges the marble floor and the lofty vaults and dome above.
Tenebrism - Correct Answer Painting in the "shadowy matter", using violent contrasts of
light and dark, as in the work of Caravaggio.
Philip IV - Correct Answer King of Spain who named Diego Velazquez chief court artist and
palace chamberlain. He and Velazquez had a close relationship. This King admired
Velazquez's work and commissioned many pieces for him to create.
Bernini
"David"
1623
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Depicted in motion, as the
action is happening.
Energetic, unrestrained, emotionally charged facial expression.
Caravaggio
"Calling of St. Matthew"
,1597-1601
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Characteristic of
Caravaggio's mature style and Tenebrism.
The figures are unidealized and natural.
The beam of light directs the viewer's attention to the seated tax collector, and seems to
beckon him to join the Son of God in his earthly mission.
Gentileschi
"Judith Slaying Holofernes"
1614-1620
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer The dramatic lighting of the
action in the foreground emulates Caravaggio's style of Tenebrism.
Narrative of heroic women, which was a favorite theme of hers.
Gentileschi produced more than one painting of the subject.
Gentileschi
"Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting"
1630
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Set up a pair of mirrors to
record her features to produce her image from the side.
It is not a portrait of her at work on a specific painting but a portrait of Gentileschi as
Painting herself.
Velazquez
"Las Meninas"
1656
The Baroque in Italy and Spain (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Features cunning contrasts
of real, mirrored and pictured spaces.
Velazquez intended this huge, complex piece to elevate both himself and the profession of
painting in the eyes of Philip IV.
The Baroque in Northern Europe (1600-1700) - Correct Answer Art movement that
includes such works as Peter Paul Ruben's "Elevation of the Cross" and "Arrival of Marie",
Judith Leyster's "Self Portrait", Rembrandt's "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp" and "Self
, Portrait", Vermeer's "Allegory of the Art of Painting", Rachel Ruysch's "Flower Still Life" (s)
and Hyacinth Rigaud's "Louis XIV".
The Dutch Republic - Correct Answer Amsterdam emerged as the financial center of the
Continent in 1609. The city had the highest per capita income in Europe, and also
benefitted enormously from the country's expertise on the open seas, which established
lucrative trade routes to ports as far away as Japan, Africa, and South America. Because
of this prosperity, political power was placed into the hands of wealthy class merchants
and manufacturers.
The Art Market in the Dutch Republic - Correct Answer One distinguishing hallmark of
Dutch art production during this time was how it catered to the tastes of a middle class
audience. Although upper class citizens and the aristocracy still existed and continued to
be major patrons of the arts, the Dutch traders, soldiers, craftspeople and bureaucrats also
commissioned and collected art. Dutch artists, with the exception of portrait artists, hoped
to appeal to a wide audience. They sold their works directly to buyers who visited their
studios and through art dealers, exhibitions, fairs, auctions and even lotteries.
Frans Hals - Correct Answer 1581-1666- One of the most famous portrait painters of the
time period, along with Judith Leyster. Often painted group portraits as well, such as "The
Women Regents of the Old Men's Home at Haarlem" (1664), and "Archers of Saint
Hadrian" (1633). His group portraits are known for being lively and relaxed rather than
stuffy and lifeless, like his predecessors' work. Known for his spontaneity, rapid brush
strokes and for being ambitiously sized portraits. Each figure is an individual character with
his own expression and personality.
Dutch 'vanitas' Still-Life Paintings - Correct Answer Reflected the pride of the Dutch that
they managed to achieve prosperity solely through international trade, in that these still
lifes depicted accumulated goods, and worldly possessions. They are meticulously crafted
images both scientific in their optical accuracy and poetic in their beauty and lyricism.
Wealthy merchants in particular endorsed this type of painting because it fit their tastes,
which were distinctly different from those of patrons elsewhere in Baroque Europe.
The Louvre - Correct Answer King Louis XIV hired three French architects- Claude
Perrault, Louis le Vau, and Charles Le Brun- to complete the east side of the Louvre. The
design is a brilliant synthesis of French and Italian classical elements, culminating in a new
and definitive formula. The stately proportions and monumentality of the Baroque design
were both an expression of the new official French taste and a symbol of centrally
organized authority.
