GXMO TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
collimator - ANSWER-beam restricting device with 2-3 sets of lead shutters to limit the
x-ray beam to change the field size and shape. Equipped with a light to display the
exposure field.
film-based cassette - ANSWER-image is captured on film to be processed. The
cassette contains the film and 1-2 screens in a protective case. The screens have their
own protection with the phosphor and reflective layers. The film goes under the screen
with the emulsion layer facing it.
CR-based cassette - ANSWER-houses the imaging plate which acts through
phosphors. The IP has protective layers, backing with phosphors and reflective layers
between similar to film. The phosphor is a photostimulable phosphor of barium fluoride
crystals with europium.
DR-based cassette - ANSWER-can be either direct or indirect. Indirect uses a CCD,
which is light sensitive with a wide dynamic range. The phosphor used is made of
cesium iodine, which is then converted to electrical signal via amorphous silicon thin film
transistors. Direct conversion for goes the phosphor portion. Amorphous selenium
detectors convert radiation to electrical signals.
sponges - ANSWER-radiolucent positioning aid
immobilization devices - ANSWER-used to prevent undesired motion during procedures
and does not require a physician's order. This includes sandbags, plexiglass, and
compression bands
ceiling mount - ANSWER-also known as overhead tube assembly. Most widely used
and most versatile. Two rails are mounted to the ceiling with the tube suspend and
allows the most flexibility for cross table examinations
transverse - ANSWER-across the table at right angles to longitudinal
Longitudinal - ANSWER-along the axis of the table
verticle - ANSWER-up or down; increasing or decreasing the distance between table
and tube
Angle and tilt - ANSWER-allows the tube to angle along the long axis of the table and
aims toward the wall rather than the tab
,detent - ANSWER-mechanism to stop a moving part at a specific location. Most often
used to align the tube with the bucky and reach appropriate SID.
primary x-ray beam - ANSWER-X-rays formed within the focal spot target on the anode
which diverge in a cone shape. Used to form the radiation field. The photon in the
center forms the central ray.
what are some properties of x-ray beam? - ANSWER-invisible, electrically neutral, no
mass, travel at speed of light in a vacuum, cannot be optically focused,
polyenergentic/heterogenous beams, produce a range of energies, cause some
substances to fluoresce, cause chemical changes
floating - ANSWER-table movement that allows the table to move independently
Trendelenburg - ANSWER-supine position in which the patients head is lower than the
feet
Under-table Bucky (grid) - ANSWER-device placed between the patient and IR to
prevent scatter radiation from reaching the IR. Usually under the table with moving tray
to house the IR. Made of thin lead strips with radiolucent interspace material
timer - ANSWER-controls the length of the exposure. Longer exposures cause more
radiation to the patient/IR
mA (milliamperage) - ANSWER-controls the number of photons. Measurement of the
current flow rate and determines the number of electrons in the tube
kVp (kilovoltage peak) - ANSWER-controls the speed of electrons and energy of
photons controlling the quality of photons and the image. Measure of the potential
difference across the tube
ionizing radiation - ANSWER-the capability to remove electrons from the valence shell
non-ionizing radiation - ANSWER-radiation that interacts with matter but doesn't remove
electrons
absorbed radiation= - ANSWER-radiopaque
scatter radiation= - ANSWER-random end point; fog
transmitted radiation - ANSWER-passes through unaltered; radiolucent
AEC (automatic exposure control) - ANSWER-system used to provide consistent
amount of radiation to the IR terminating exposure when the right amount of radiation is
reached. Radiation travels through the patient then air cells prior to the IR
, remnant radiation (exit radiation) - ANSWER-Both transmitted and scatter radiation that
has traveled through the patient and attenuated prior to reaching the IR
scatter radiation - ANSWER-incident photon interacts with matter, losses energy when
ejecting an electron which travels in another direction
shells of an atom - ANSWER-1-K, 2-L, 3-M, 4-N, 5-O, 6-P, 7-Q
atomic number - ANSWER-top right number on the element
atomic mass - ANSWER-bottom right number on the element
atoms charge - ANSWER-Positive nucleus with negative cloud around it. Overall neutral
covalent bonds - ANSWER-share electrons
ionic bonds - ANSWER-donate electrons
atomic mass - ANSWER-the sum of total number of neutrons and protons in the atom
isotopes - ANSWER-same number of protons with different number of neutrons. Can be
unstable
visible light - ANSWER-Energy: -10^0 - 10^1
Frequency: 10^14 - 10^15
Wavelength: 10^-6 - 10^-7
x-rays - ANSWER-Energy: -10^4 - 10^6
Frequency: 10^18 - 10^20
Wavelength: 10^-10 - 10^-12
ionization - ANSWER-the ability to remove electrons; foundation of x-ray interaction with
tissue making them valuable for image creation but damages the tissue
PE effect - ANSWER-x-ray photon ejects an inner shell electron becoming fully
absorbed in the process--causes secondary photons and increasing patient dose.
Absorbed dose is dependent on the amount of ionizing radiation
sources of radiation - ANSWER-natural materials, solar radiation, and medical radiation
images formation - ANSWER-non-interacting transmitting radiation which attenuates
differently according to the anatomy it travels through
scatter radiation - ANSWER-type of radiation that interacts with tissues but weakens
and changes direction before exiting
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
collimator - ANSWER-beam restricting device with 2-3 sets of lead shutters to limit the
x-ray beam to change the field size and shape. Equipped with a light to display the
exposure field.
film-based cassette - ANSWER-image is captured on film to be processed. The
cassette contains the film and 1-2 screens in a protective case. The screens have their
own protection with the phosphor and reflective layers. The film goes under the screen
with the emulsion layer facing it.
CR-based cassette - ANSWER-houses the imaging plate which acts through
phosphors. The IP has protective layers, backing with phosphors and reflective layers
between similar to film. The phosphor is a photostimulable phosphor of barium fluoride
crystals with europium.
DR-based cassette - ANSWER-can be either direct or indirect. Indirect uses a CCD,
which is light sensitive with a wide dynamic range. The phosphor used is made of
cesium iodine, which is then converted to electrical signal via amorphous silicon thin film
transistors. Direct conversion for goes the phosphor portion. Amorphous selenium
detectors convert radiation to electrical signals.
sponges - ANSWER-radiolucent positioning aid
immobilization devices - ANSWER-used to prevent undesired motion during procedures
and does not require a physician's order. This includes sandbags, plexiglass, and
compression bands
ceiling mount - ANSWER-also known as overhead tube assembly. Most widely used
and most versatile. Two rails are mounted to the ceiling with the tube suspend and
allows the most flexibility for cross table examinations
transverse - ANSWER-across the table at right angles to longitudinal
Longitudinal - ANSWER-along the axis of the table
verticle - ANSWER-up or down; increasing or decreasing the distance between table
and tube
Angle and tilt - ANSWER-allows the tube to angle along the long axis of the table and
aims toward the wall rather than the tab
,detent - ANSWER-mechanism to stop a moving part at a specific location. Most often
used to align the tube with the bucky and reach appropriate SID.
primary x-ray beam - ANSWER-X-rays formed within the focal spot target on the anode
which diverge in a cone shape. Used to form the radiation field. The photon in the
center forms the central ray.
what are some properties of x-ray beam? - ANSWER-invisible, electrically neutral, no
mass, travel at speed of light in a vacuum, cannot be optically focused,
polyenergentic/heterogenous beams, produce a range of energies, cause some
substances to fluoresce, cause chemical changes
floating - ANSWER-table movement that allows the table to move independently
Trendelenburg - ANSWER-supine position in which the patients head is lower than the
feet
Under-table Bucky (grid) - ANSWER-device placed between the patient and IR to
prevent scatter radiation from reaching the IR. Usually under the table with moving tray
to house the IR. Made of thin lead strips with radiolucent interspace material
timer - ANSWER-controls the length of the exposure. Longer exposures cause more
radiation to the patient/IR
mA (milliamperage) - ANSWER-controls the number of photons. Measurement of the
current flow rate and determines the number of electrons in the tube
kVp (kilovoltage peak) - ANSWER-controls the speed of electrons and energy of
photons controlling the quality of photons and the image. Measure of the potential
difference across the tube
ionizing radiation - ANSWER-the capability to remove electrons from the valence shell
non-ionizing radiation - ANSWER-radiation that interacts with matter but doesn't remove
electrons
absorbed radiation= - ANSWER-radiopaque
scatter radiation= - ANSWER-random end point; fog
transmitted radiation - ANSWER-passes through unaltered; radiolucent
AEC (automatic exposure control) - ANSWER-system used to provide consistent
amount of radiation to the IR terminating exposure when the right amount of radiation is
reached. Radiation travels through the patient then air cells prior to the IR
, remnant radiation (exit radiation) - ANSWER-Both transmitted and scatter radiation that
has traveled through the patient and attenuated prior to reaching the IR
scatter radiation - ANSWER-incident photon interacts with matter, losses energy when
ejecting an electron which travels in another direction
shells of an atom - ANSWER-1-K, 2-L, 3-M, 4-N, 5-O, 6-P, 7-Q
atomic number - ANSWER-top right number on the element
atomic mass - ANSWER-bottom right number on the element
atoms charge - ANSWER-Positive nucleus with negative cloud around it. Overall neutral
covalent bonds - ANSWER-share electrons
ionic bonds - ANSWER-donate electrons
atomic mass - ANSWER-the sum of total number of neutrons and protons in the atom
isotopes - ANSWER-same number of protons with different number of neutrons. Can be
unstable
visible light - ANSWER-Energy: -10^0 - 10^1
Frequency: 10^14 - 10^15
Wavelength: 10^-6 - 10^-7
x-rays - ANSWER-Energy: -10^4 - 10^6
Frequency: 10^18 - 10^20
Wavelength: 10^-10 - 10^-12
ionization - ANSWER-the ability to remove electrons; foundation of x-ray interaction with
tissue making them valuable for image creation but damages the tissue
PE effect - ANSWER-x-ray photon ejects an inner shell electron becoming fully
absorbed in the process--causes secondary photons and increasing patient dose.
Absorbed dose is dependent on the amount of ionizing radiation
sources of radiation - ANSWER-natural materials, solar radiation, and medical radiation
images formation - ANSWER-non-interacting transmitting radiation which attenuates
differently according to the anatomy it travels through
scatter radiation - ANSWER-type of radiation that interacts with tissues but weakens
and changes direction before exiting
