AASM Manual questions with verified answers
What are the recommended derivations? Ans✓✓-There are 3; (a)F4-M1; (b)C4-
M1; (c)O2-M1
Where should backup electrodes be placed? Why? Ans✓✓-They should be placed
at F3, C3, and M2 to allow the display of F3-M2, C3-M2, and O1-M2 if the
electrodes malfunction during the study.
What are alternative and acceptable derivations? Ans✓✓-There are 3; (a)F2-C2,
(b)C2-O2, (c)C4-M1
Where should alternative backup electrodes be placed? Why? Ans✓✓-They
should be placed at Fpz, C3, O1, and M2 to allow substitution of Fz, C3 for Cz or
C4, O1 for O2 and M2 for M1 if electrodes malfunction during study.
What system is used for electrode positioning? Why? Ans✓✓-10-20 system;
there is a minimum of 3 EEG derivations required in order to sample activity from
the frontal, central, and occipital regions.
What does "EOG" stand for? Ans✓✓-Electro-Oculogram
What does M1 and M2 refer to? Ans✓✓-They refer to the left/right mastoid
processes.
What is the recommended EOG derivations? Where are they placed? Ans✓✓-The
recommended derivations are E1-M2 and E2-M1. E1-M2 is placed 1cm below the
left-outer corner of the eye and E2-M1 is placed 1cm above the right-outer corner
of the eye.
, What are the alternative and acceptable derivations for EOGs and where should
they be placed? Ans✓✓-E1-Fpz and E2-Fpz; E1-Fpz is placed 1cm lateral to the
corner of the left eye and E2-Fpz is placed 1cm lateral to the corner of the right
eye.
Describe how using the alternative placement for EOGs (lateral of the left/right
corner of the eye) works Ans✓✓-This alternative records the direction of the eye
movement. Vertical movements will show in phase directions and horizontal
movement will show out-of-phase deflections.
What does "EMG" stand for? Ans✓✓-Electromyogram
How many electrodes should be placed to record chin EMG? Where should they
be placed? Ans✓✓--3 electrodes
-one in the midline 1cm above the inferior edge of the mandible, one 2cm right of
the midline, and one 2cm below the inferior edge of the mandible
Why do we use these standard placements for chin EMGs? Ans✓✓-The standard
chin EMG derivation consists of an electrode below the mandible that is
referenced to the electrode above the mandible. The other inferior electrode is
backup to allow continued display of EMG activity if one of the primary electrodes
malfunctions.
What is the recommended terminology for stages of sleep? Ans✓✓-There are 5
stages: W (wakefulness), N1, N2, N3 and R (REM)
What does N3 represent? Ans✓✓-Slow wave sleep
What are the recommended derivations? Ans✓✓-There are 3; (a)F4-M1; (b)C4-
M1; (c)O2-M1
Where should backup electrodes be placed? Why? Ans✓✓-They should be placed
at F3, C3, and M2 to allow the display of F3-M2, C3-M2, and O1-M2 if the
electrodes malfunction during the study.
What are alternative and acceptable derivations? Ans✓✓-There are 3; (a)F2-C2,
(b)C2-O2, (c)C4-M1
Where should alternative backup electrodes be placed? Why? Ans✓✓-They
should be placed at Fpz, C3, O1, and M2 to allow substitution of Fz, C3 for Cz or
C4, O1 for O2 and M2 for M1 if electrodes malfunction during study.
What system is used for electrode positioning? Why? Ans✓✓-10-20 system;
there is a minimum of 3 EEG derivations required in order to sample activity from
the frontal, central, and occipital regions.
What does "EOG" stand for? Ans✓✓-Electro-Oculogram
What does M1 and M2 refer to? Ans✓✓-They refer to the left/right mastoid
processes.
What is the recommended EOG derivations? Where are they placed? Ans✓✓-The
recommended derivations are E1-M2 and E2-M1. E1-M2 is placed 1cm below the
left-outer corner of the eye and E2-M1 is placed 1cm above the right-outer corner
of the eye.
, What are the alternative and acceptable derivations for EOGs and where should
they be placed? Ans✓✓-E1-Fpz and E2-Fpz; E1-Fpz is placed 1cm lateral to the
corner of the left eye and E2-Fpz is placed 1cm lateral to the corner of the right
eye.
Describe how using the alternative placement for EOGs (lateral of the left/right
corner of the eye) works Ans✓✓-This alternative records the direction of the eye
movement. Vertical movements will show in phase directions and horizontal
movement will show out-of-phase deflections.
What does "EMG" stand for? Ans✓✓-Electromyogram
How many electrodes should be placed to record chin EMG? Where should they
be placed? Ans✓✓--3 electrodes
-one in the midline 1cm above the inferior edge of the mandible, one 2cm right of
the midline, and one 2cm below the inferior edge of the mandible
Why do we use these standard placements for chin EMGs? Ans✓✓-The standard
chin EMG derivation consists of an electrode below the mandible that is
referenced to the electrode above the mandible. The other inferior electrode is
backup to allow continued display of EMG activity if one of the primary electrodes
malfunctions.
What is the recommended terminology for stages of sleep? Ans✓✓-There are 5
stages: W (wakefulness), N1, N2, N3 and R (REM)
What does N3 represent? Ans✓✓-Slow wave sleep
