KNES 4121 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions And All Correct Answers.
What does the central nervous system consist of? and its purpose? - Answer - Brain and spinal cord
- Receives, integrates, and interprets nerve impulses from the body
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? and its purpose? - Answer - Encompasses all
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
- Outer edges of the body
- Connects all parts of the body with the central nervous system
What are the two systems within the peripheral nervous system? - Answer - Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System - Answer - controls sensation and voluntary movement
Autonomic Nervous system - Answer - "Automatic" and not consciously controlled
- divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Sympathetic Nervous system - Answer - dilates pupils
- increase HR
- decrease digestion
- increase glucose
- increase epinephrine
- Relaxes bladder
Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer - contracts pupil
- decrease HR
- increase digestion
,- increase gallbladder
- contracts bladder
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for bladder contraction? - Answer False
What are neurotransmitters? - Answer - Released at nerve endings to help transmit nerve impulses
- Norepinephrine and epinephrine are used by adrenergic nerves in the autonomic nervous system
What are drugs called that mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -
Sympathomimetic
*Adrenergic drugs mimic the action of the sympathetic NS, so they are called sympathomimetic drugs
What is Acetylcholine (ACh)? - Answer - a neurohormone of the parasympathetic system
- one of the first neurotransmitters to be discovered
Why was ACh called "vagusschtuff"? - Answer - b/c it was found to be the substance released by
stimulation of the vagus nerve that altered heart muscle contractions
Is ACh excitatory or inhibitory? - Answer - ACh release can be either excitatory or inhibtory depending
on the type of tissue and the nature of the receptor with which it interacts
What does Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) do? - Answer - it also belongs to the parasympathetic system
- Function is to destroy acetylcholine once it has done its job
Where do the primary effects of adrenergic drugs occur? - Answer - in the heart, blood vessels, and the
smooth muscles
Adrenergic Drugs - Answer Synthetic preperations of norepinephrine and epinephrine are identical to
the neurohormones naturally produced by the body
, Which of teh following is a neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic NS? - Answer Acetylcholine
What are parts of the nerve cell that respond to the adrenaline like substance secreted by glands? -
Answer Alpha and Beta receptors
Adrenergic Nerve Recptors - Answer - Hormone receptors encoded by two main genes, but each has
subtypes as well:
- Alpha receptors - α1 & α2
(each broken into 3
subtypes)
- Beta recptors - β1 & β2
(β3, β4 cloned and
characterized and may
be future of obesity
drugs after further
research
Why would someone take an Adrenergic Drug? - Answer - To treat shock
- Hypovolemic shock
(low blood volume)
- Cardiogenic shock
(circulatory failure)
- Septic shock (allergic
reaction to
endotoxin or an
infection)
- Obstructive shock
(physical obstruction of
Questions And All Correct Answers.
What does the central nervous system consist of? and its purpose? - Answer - Brain and spinal cord
- Receives, integrates, and interprets nerve impulses from the body
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? and its purpose? - Answer - Encompasses all
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
- Outer edges of the body
- Connects all parts of the body with the central nervous system
What are the two systems within the peripheral nervous system? - Answer - Somatic Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System - Answer - controls sensation and voluntary movement
Autonomic Nervous system - Answer - "Automatic" and not consciously controlled
- divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Sympathetic Nervous system - Answer - dilates pupils
- increase HR
- decrease digestion
- increase glucose
- increase epinephrine
- Relaxes bladder
Parasympathetic Nervous System - Answer - contracts pupil
- decrease HR
- increase digestion
,- increase gallbladder
- contracts bladder
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for bladder contraction? - Answer False
What are neurotransmitters? - Answer - Released at nerve endings to help transmit nerve impulses
- Norepinephrine and epinephrine are used by adrenergic nerves in the autonomic nervous system
What are drugs called that mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system? - Answer -
Sympathomimetic
*Adrenergic drugs mimic the action of the sympathetic NS, so they are called sympathomimetic drugs
What is Acetylcholine (ACh)? - Answer - a neurohormone of the parasympathetic system
- one of the first neurotransmitters to be discovered
Why was ACh called "vagusschtuff"? - Answer - b/c it was found to be the substance released by
stimulation of the vagus nerve that altered heart muscle contractions
Is ACh excitatory or inhibitory? - Answer - ACh release can be either excitatory or inhibtory depending
on the type of tissue and the nature of the receptor with which it interacts
What does Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) do? - Answer - it also belongs to the parasympathetic system
- Function is to destroy acetylcholine once it has done its job
Where do the primary effects of adrenergic drugs occur? - Answer - in the heart, blood vessels, and the
smooth muscles
Adrenergic Drugs - Answer Synthetic preperations of norepinephrine and epinephrine are identical to
the neurohormones naturally produced by the body
, Which of teh following is a neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic NS? - Answer Acetylcholine
What are parts of the nerve cell that respond to the adrenaline like substance secreted by glands? -
Answer Alpha and Beta receptors
Adrenergic Nerve Recptors - Answer - Hormone receptors encoded by two main genes, but each has
subtypes as well:
- Alpha receptors - α1 & α2
(each broken into 3
subtypes)
- Beta recptors - β1 & β2
(β3, β4 cloned and
characterized and may
be future of obesity
drugs after further
research
Why would someone take an Adrenergic Drug? - Answer - To treat shock
- Hypovolemic shock
(low blood volume)
- Cardiogenic shock
(circulatory failure)
- Septic shock (allergic
reaction to
endotoxin or an
infection)
- Obstructive shock
(physical obstruction of
