Pathophysiology Module 8 Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update () Graded A+

Pathophysiology Module 8 Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update () Graded A+ describe action of aldosterone - Answers increases Na+ reabsorption by excreting H+ and/or K+ water follows ***increase blood volume and blood pressure** Hilus - Answers concave cleft where the ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter the kidney Functions of the nephron - Answers filtration, reabsorption, excreting eliminate wastes from the body regulate blood pH, volume, pressure control levels of electrolytes Structures of the nephron and function - Answers Glomerular capsule (renal corpuscle)- filters blood renal tubule- reabsorbs needed materials, collecting ducts carry remaining waste as urine Outer cortex consists of - Answers glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephron, blood vessels inner medulla consists of - Answers Loop of Henle, renal pyramids 2 different sections of the kidney - Answers outer cortex inner medulla kidney anatomy - Answers outer cortex inner medulla renal pyramids renal columns (in between pyramids) renal papillae (tips of pyramids) renal calyces renal pelvis ureter Explain the difference between cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons - Answers cortical: make up 85%, originate superficially in the cortex and have shorter loops of Henle that only extend short distance into medulla juxtamedullary: 15%, originate deeper in cortex, have thinner Loops of Henle that extend into medulla entirely Two systems providing blood supply to the nephron - Answers Glomerulus system: located between 2 arterioles, afferent and efferent- high resistance vessels with high bp to push fluids and solute out of blood into glom. capillary Peritubular capillary system: low-pressure vessels better suited for reabsorption instead of filtration. They surround the tubules entirely allowing rapid movement of solute and water vasa recta - Answers Capillary system running parallel to the Loop of Henle in the medulla region. Assistant with exchange of solute and water Glomerulus capillary membrane layers (and special features) - Answers 1. capillary endothelial- fenestrations 2. basement membrane 3. single-celled capsular epithelial layer- Podocytes 4 segments of the nephron tubule - Answers 1. proximal convoluted tubule 2. loop of Henle 3. distal convoluted tubule 4. collecting tubule Compromise of basement membrane of nephron would lead to.. - Answers leakage of RBCs and proteins into the filtrate --> glomerular disease 3 processes of urine formation and locations - Answers 1. filtration: renal corpuscle 2. reabsorption: renal tubules 3. secretion: renal tubules Normal value for GFR and why it's important to maintain - Answers 120-125 ml/min OR 180 L/day important for adequate reabsorption of water and other nutrients from the filtrate (too fast vs. too slow) 3 regulatory mechanisms of renal blood flow and GFR - Answers 1. renal autoregulation- constriction or dilation of the afferent/efferent arterioles