GRE Psych: Research Methods, Stats,
Test, Measurements Questions and
Answers
William Wundt - Correct Answers -founded the first psychology laboratory
Oswald Kulpe - Correct Answers -believed that there could imageless thoughts. in
opposition to Wendt's believe that all thoughts needed an image
hypothesis - Correct Answers -a tentative and testable explaination of the relationship
between two or more variables
variable - Correct Answers -a characteristic or property that varies in amount or kind
and can be measured
operational definitions - Correct Answers -how a researcher defines the variables in the
experiment
independent variable - Correct Answers -variable whose effect is being studied and is
the one that is manipulated. can have multiple levels
dependent variable - Correct Answers -response that is expected to vary with
differences in the independent variable
correlational study - Correct Answers -study design where the researcher does NOT
manipulate the IV
true experiment - Correct Answers -study design where the IV is manipulated and
subjects are randomly assigned to groups
quasi-experiment - Correct Answers -study design where the IV is manipulated by
subjects are not randomly assigned to groups
naturalistic observation/field study - Correct Answers -researcher does not intervene at
all, just measures behavior as it naturally occurs
representative sample - Correct Answers -subset of the population of interest that
matches as many characteristics as possible with the population
, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Correct Answers -a projective test. devised by
Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray. consists of 20 simple pictures depicting scenes
with ambiguous meanings. and the test-taker is told to tell a story about what is
happening.
Blacky pictures - Correct Answers -a projective test. consists of 12 cartoon like pictures
of a dog named Blacky, each picture is supposed to depict blacky in a stage of
psychosexual development and test taker is to tell stories
Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank - Correct Answers -sentence completion projective
test. test taker provided with 40 sentence stems and asked to complete them
Barnum Effect - Correct Answers -tendency of people to accept and approve of the
interpretation of their personality that you give them
interest testing - Correct Answers -used to assess individual's interest in different lines
of work
stratified random sampling - Correct Answers -technique that ensures that relevant
subgroups of the population are randomly sampled in proportion to size
population - Correct Answers -group to which the researcher wishes to generalize her
results
between-subjects design - Correct Answers -each subject is exposed to only one level
of each independent variable. there is no one to one pairing between the individuals in
each group
matched-subjects design - Correct Answers -when you ensure that each group as
roughly the same level of whatever variable it is you want to control by doing a one-to-
one pairing. each subject is exposed only to one level of the IV
within-subjects/repeated-measure design - Correct Answers -pairing each subject with
themselves so that their own initial performance is he basis for comparison. the key is
that each subject is exposed to both IV conditions
counterbalancing - Correct Answers -when doing within-subjects design you make it so
that half of the subjects do treatment B first while the other half do treatment A first. to
ensure that any differences in the two tests are due to the IV and not just bc they doing
the same thing twice in a row
confounding variables - Correct Answers -unintended independent variables. variables
that also affect the DV and blur the effect of the independent variable on the DV
control group - Correct Answers -the group that does not receive the experimental
treatment
Test, Measurements Questions and
Answers
William Wundt - Correct Answers -founded the first psychology laboratory
Oswald Kulpe - Correct Answers -believed that there could imageless thoughts. in
opposition to Wendt's believe that all thoughts needed an image
hypothesis - Correct Answers -a tentative and testable explaination of the relationship
between two or more variables
variable - Correct Answers -a characteristic or property that varies in amount or kind
and can be measured
operational definitions - Correct Answers -how a researcher defines the variables in the
experiment
independent variable - Correct Answers -variable whose effect is being studied and is
the one that is manipulated. can have multiple levels
dependent variable - Correct Answers -response that is expected to vary with
differences in the independent variable
correlational study - Correct Answers -study design where the researcher does NOT
manipulate the IV
true experiment - Correct Answers -study design where the IV is manipulated and
subjects are randomly assigned to groups
quasi-experiment - Correct Answers -study design where the IV is manipulated by
subjects are not randomly assigned to groups
naturalistic observation/field study - Correct Answers -researcher does not intervene at
all, just measures behavior as it naturally occurs
representative sample - Correct Answers -subset of the population of interest that
matches as many characteristics as possible with the population
, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Correct Answers -a projective test. devised by
Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray. consists of 20 simple pictures depicting scenes
with ambiguous meanings. and the test-taker is told to tell a story about what is
happening.
Blacky pictures - Correct Answers -a projective test. consists of 12 cartoon like pictures
of a dog named Blacky, each picture is supposed to depict blacky in a stage of
psychosexual development and test taker is to tell stories
Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank - Correct Answers -sentence completion projective
test. test taker provided with 40 sentence stems and asked to complete them
Barnum Effect - Correct Answers -tendency of people to accept and approve of the
interpretation of their personality that you give them
interest testing - Correct Answers -used to assess individual's interest in different lines
of work
stratified random sampling - Correct Answers -technique that ensures that relevant
subgroups of the population are randomly sampled in proportion to size
population - Correct Answers -group to which the researcher wishes to generalize her
results
between-subjects design - Correct Answers -each subject is exposed to only one level
of each independent variable. there is no one to one pairing between the individuals in
each group
matched-subjects design - Correct Answers -when you ensure that each group as
roughly the same level of whatever variable it is you want to control by doing a one-to-
one pairing. each subject is exposed only to one level of the IV
within-subjects/repeated-measure design - Correct Answers -pairing each subject with
themselves so that their own initial performance is he basis for comparison. the key is
that each subject is exposed to both IV conditions
counterbalancing - Correct Answers -when doing within-subjects design you make it so
that half of the subjects do treatment B first while the other half do treatment A first. to
ensure that any differences in the two tests are due to the IV and not just bc they doing
the same thing twice in a row
confounding variables - Correct Answers -unintended independent variables. variables
that also affect the DV and blur the effect of the independent variable on the DV
control group - Correct Answers -the group that does not receive the experimental
treatment
