LAB EXAM #2 STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
True or False: Screening for antibiotics in soil became unsuccessful because it became
harder to find compounds that hadn't already been discovered. - ANSWER-True
Multiple Select
Which of the following is true of first- and second-generation antibiotic discovery
approaches?
-Screening thousands of compounds does not identify any compounds that can inhibit a
target in a test tube.
-Large-scale screens reliably produced compounds that could treat bacterial infections
in humans.
-Most large-scale screens were abandoned because the high failure rate was not
profitable to pharmaceutical companies.
-Most large-scale screens failed because although compounds inhibited a target that
was relevant to bacterial growth, the compounds couldn't access the target in a real
bacterial cell. - ANSWER--Most large-scale screens were abandoned because the high
failure rate was not profitable to pharmaceutical companies.
-Most large-scale screens failed because although compounds inhibited a target that
was relevant to bacterial growth, the compounds couldn't access the target in a real
bacterial cell.
True or False: You perform a dose-response curve for your proposed antibiotic in
bacteria and in human liver cells. The two curves are very close together. This is a good
sign for your proposed antibiotic because you know that any dose that is therapeutic will
not cause toxicity. - ANSWER-False
True or False: You are testing your proposed antibiotic in bacteria and find that
resistance occurs very quickly. This is desirable because it means that the person with
the infection will become resistant to the bacteria and the infection will resolve quickly. -
ANSWER-False
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true for a TPP (target product profile)?
-Only scientists are involved in developing the TPP because they are the ones who will
be performing the planned experiments.
-The cost of producing the compound is not considered when developing the TPP
because the compound is not yet a drug that will be sold in the pharmacy.
-The TPP includes information about the types of bacteria that the antibiotic will work
for.
-The aim of the TPP is to lower the strict standards used in identifying the hit for the
compound to maximize the possibility of it making it to the pharmacy.
, None of the above is true. - ANSWER-The TPP includes information about the types of
bacteria that the antibiotic will work for.
True or False: You begin your bacterial culture at a high concentration and immediately
add your proposed antibiotic. Twenty-four hours later, you measure the amount of
bacteria in the culture and see that it has not changed. You can conclude from this
experiment that your antibiotic is bacteriostatic. - ANSWER-True
Why don't drugs that have the same pharmacological classification also have the same
structural classification? - ANSWER-Because some drugs may be structurally similar
but have different pharmacological effects
Name five cellular targets that might be useful to target when developing an antibiotic. -
ANSWER--Cell wall or membrane
-Dna and Rna
-Ribosomes
Why is penicillin considered a "good" and "bad" drug? - ANSWER-It is an effective
antibacterial agent but has been known to cause allergic reactions
What quality of heroin makes it a "bad" and "good" drug? - ANSWER-It is highly
addictive but also one of the best pain killers
Name a drug not mentioned in the reading that is both "good" and "bad." - ANSWER-
Cannabis
What are four natural resources used for the discovery of new drugs? - ANSWER--
Plants
-Fungi
-Bacterial strains
What is the purpose of medicinal chemistry? - ANSWER-They also improve the
processes by which existing pharmaceuticals are made. Medicinal chemists are focused
on drug discovery and development and are concerned with the isolation of medicinal
agents found in plants, as well as the creation of new synthetic drug compounds
Name two benefits of purifying a compound from its natural context in terms of drug
development. - ANSWER-By purifying a compound you are able to find the active
principles of a compound and find, for example, morphine from opium or cocaine from
coca leaves
What information about a drug can be obtained from spectroscopy? - ANSWER--The
different pieces that makeup the compound like interactions with other molecules and
solubility
-The functional groups
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
True or False: Screening for antibiotics in soil became unsuccessful because it became
harder to find compounds that hadn't already been discovered. - ANSWER-True
Multiple Select
Which of the following is true of first- and second-generation antibiotic discovery
approaches?
-Screening thousands of compounds does not identify any compounds that can inhibit a
target in a test tube.
-Large-scale screens reliably produced compounds that could treat bacterial infections
in humans.
-Most large-scale screens were abandoned because the high failure rate was not
profitable to pharmaceutical companies.
-Most large-scale screens failed because although compounds inhibited a target that
was relevant to bacterial growth, the compounds couldn't access the target in a real
bacterial cell. - ANSWER--Most large-scale screens were abandoned because the high
failure rate was not profitable to pharmaceutical companies.
-Most large-scale screens failed because although compounds inhibited a target that
was relevant to bacterial growth, the compounds couldn't access the target in a real
bacterial cell.
True or False: You perform a dose-response curve for your proposed antibiotic in
bacteria and in human liver cells. The two curves are very close together. This is a good
sign for your proposed antibiotic because you know that any dose that is therapeutic will
not cause toxicity. - ANSWER-False
True or False: You are testing your proposed antibiotic in bacteria and find that
resistance occurs very quickly. This is desirable because it means that the person with
the infection will become resistant to the bacteria and the infection will resolve quickly. -
ANSWER-False
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true for a TPP (target product profile)?
-Only scientists are involved in developing the TPP because they are the ones who will
be performing the planned experiments.
-The cost of producing the compound is not considered when developing the TPP
because the compound is not yet a drug that will be sold in the pharmacy.
-The TPP includes information about the types of bacteria that the antibiotic will work
for.
-The aim of the TPP is to lower the strict standards used in identifying the hit for the
compound to maximize the possibility of it making it to the pharmacy.
, None of the above is true. - ANSWER-The TPP includes information about the types of
bacteria that the antibiotic will work for.
True or False: You begin your bacterial culture at a high concentration and immediately
add your proposed antibiotic. Twenty-four hours later, you measure the amount of
bacteria in the culture and see that it has not changed. You can conclude from this
experiment that your antibiotic is bacteriostatic. - ANSWER-True
Why don't drugs that have the same pharmacological classification also have the same
structural classification? - ANSWER-Because some drugs may be structurally similar
but have different pharmacological effects
Name five cellular targets that might be useful to target when developing an antibiotic. -
ANSWER--Cell wall or membrane
-Dna and Rna
-Ribosomes
Why is penicillin considered a "good" and "bad" drug? - ANSWER-It is an effective
antibacterial agent but has been known to cause allergic reactions
What quality of heroin makes it a "bad" and "good" drug? - ANSWER-It is highly
addictive but also one of the best pain killers
Name a drug not mentioned in the reading that is both "good" and "bad." - ANSWER-
Cannabis
What are four natural resources used for the discovery of new drugs? - ANSWER--
Plants
-Fungi
-Bacterial strains
What is the purpose of medicinal chemistry? - ANSWER-They also improve the
processes by which existing pharmaceuticals are made. Medicinal chemists are focused
on drug discovery and development and are concerned with the isolation of medicinal
agents found in plants, as well as the creation of new synthetic drug compounds
Name two benefits of purifying a compound from its natural context in terms of drug
development. - ANSWER-By purifying a compound you are able to find the active
principles of a compound and find, for example, morphine from opium or cocaine from
coca leaves
What information about a drug can be obtained from spectroscopy? - ANSWER--The
different pieces that makeup the compound like interactions with other molecules and
solubility
-The functional groups
