NSG 331 Exam 4 Questions With Complete Solutions
anuria Correct Answers description: technically no urination
(24-hr urine output < 100 ml)
Etiology: acute kidney injury, end-stage renal disease, bilateral
ureteral obstruction
atrophy Correct Answers Description:
-decrease muscle mass occurs from disuse after prolonged
immobilization
- loss of nerve function can cause muscle atrophy
Nursing Consideration:
-isometric muscle-strengthening exercises as able with
immobilization device helps reduce amount of atrophy
-muscle atrophy interferes with and prolongs rehabilitation
process
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answers Reference
Interval: 10-20 mg/dL (3.6-7.1 mmol/L)
Significance: used to detect renal problems. Concentration of
urea in blood is regulated by rate at which kidney excretes urea.
Nonrenal factors may increase BUN (e.g. rapid cell destruction
from infections, fever, GI bleeding, trauma, athletic activity,
excessive muscle breakdown)
burning on urination Correct Answers description: stinging
pain in urethral area
Etiology: urethral irritation, UTI, urethral calculus
,Causes of Hyperuricemia (Gout) Correct Answers -acidosis or
ketosis
-alcohol use, especially beer and red wine
-cancer
-chemotherapy drugs
-Diabetes
-drug-induced renal impairment
-hyperlipidemia
-hypertension
-lead exposure
-metabolic syndrome
-myeloproliferative disorders
-obesity
-renal insufficiency
-sickle cell anemia
-starvation
-use of certain common drugs (aspirin, ACE inhibitors, Beta-
Blockers, loop or thiazide diuretics, niacin)
Causes of Osteoarthritis Correct Answers DRUGS: drugs, such
as indomethacin, colchicine, and corticosteroids, can stimulate
collagen-digesting enzymes in joint synovium
HEMATOLOGIC OR ENDOCRINE DISORDERS: chronic
hemarthrosis contributes to cartilage deterioration
INFLAMMATION: release of enzymes in response to local
inflammation can affect cartilage health
JOINT INSTABILITY: damage to supporting structures causes
instability, placing uneven stress on joint cartilage.
,MECHANICAL STRESS: repetitive physical activities cause
cartilage deterioration
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS: pain and loss of reflexes from
neurologic disorders, such as diabetic neuropathy and Charcot
joint, cause abnormal movements that contribute to cartilage
deterioration
SKELETAL DEFORMITIES: Congenital or acquired
conditions contribute to cartilage deterioration
TRAUMA: dislocations or fracturs may lead to avascular
necrosis or uneven stress on cartilage
Changing Permanent Appliance for Ileal Conduit Correct
Answers 1. keep appliance in place for 2-14 days
2. Change appliance when fluid intake has been restricted for
several hours.
3. Sit or stand in front of mirror
4. Moisten edge of faceplate with adhesive solvent and gently
remove.
5. Clean skin with adhesive solvent
6. Wash skin with warm water (may be done while showering)
7. Dry skin and inspect
8. Place wick (rolled-up 4x4-inch pad) over stoma to keep skin
free of urine.
9. Apply skin cement to faceplate and skin
10. Place appliance over stoma
11. Wash removed appliance with soap and lukewarm water;
soak in distilled vinegar; rinse with lukewarm water and air dry
, Changing Temporary Appliance for Ileal Conduit Correct
Answers 1. Cut hole in pouch to fit over stoma (pouch 0.1
inches (0.2 cm) larger than stoma)
2. Remove old pouch
3. clean area gently and remove old adhesive
4. Wash area with warm water.
5. Place wick (rolled-up 4x4-inch pad) over stoma to keep area
dry during rest of procedure
6. Dry skin around stoma
7. Apply tincture of benzoin or other skin protectant around
stoma to area where pouch will be placed.
8. Apply pouch by first smoothing its edges toward side and
lower part of body.
9. Remove wick and complete application of bag.
10. If patient is usually in bed, apply bag so that it lies toward
side of body.
11. If patient is ambulatory, apply bag so that it lies vertically.
12. Connect drainage tubing to pouch
13. Keep drainage pouch on same side of bed as stoma
Comparison of RA and Osteoarthritis Correct Answers AGE
OF ONSET:
RA: young to middle age
OA: Usually older than 40 years
GENDER:
RA: female-to-male ratio is 2:1 or 3:1. Less marked sex
difference after age 60
OA: Females 2:1 after age 60; except for traumatic arthritis, men
less affected until age 70 or 80
anuria Correct Answers description: technically no urination
(24-hr urine output < 100 ml)
Etiology: acute kidney injury, end-stage renal disease, bilateral
ureteral obstruction
atrophy Correct Answers Description:
-decrease muscle mass occurs from disuse after prolonged
immobilization
- loss of nerve function can cause muscle atrophy
Nursing Consideration:
-isometric muscle-strengthening exercises as able with
immobilization device helps reduce amount of atrophy
-muscle atrophy interferes with and prolongs rehabilitation
process
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answers Reference
Interval: 10-20 mg/dL (3.6-7.1 mmol/L)
Significance: used to detect renal problems. Concentration of
urea in blood is regulated by rate at which kidney excretes urea.
Nonrenal factors may increase BUN (e.g. rapid cell destruction
from infections, fever, GI bleeding, trauma, athletic activity,
excessive muscle breakdown)
burning on urination Correct Answers description: stinging
pain in urethral area
Etiology: urethral irritation, UTI, urethral calculus
,Causes of Hyperuricemia (Gout) Correct Answers -acidosis or
ketosis
-alcohol use, especially beer and red wine
-cancer
-chemotherapy drugs
-Diabetes
-drug-induced renal impairment
-hyperlipidemia
-hypertension
-lead exposure
-metabolic syndrome
-myeloproliferative disorders
-obesity
-renal insufficiency
-sickle cell anemia
-starvation
-use of certain common drugs (aspirin, ACE inhibitors, Beta-
Blockers, loop or thiazide diuretics, niacin)
Causes of Osteoarthritis Correct Answers DRUGS: drugs, such
as indomethacin, colchicine, and corticosteroids, can stimulate
collagen-digesting enzymes in joint synovium
HEMATOLOGIC OR ENDOCRINE DISORDERS: chronic
hemarthrosis contributes to cartilage deterioration
INFLAMMATION: release of enzymes in response to local
inflammation can affect cartilage health
JOINT INSTABILITY: damage to supporting structures causes
instability, placing uneven stress on joint cartilage.
,MECHANICAL STRESS: repetitive physical activities cause
cartilage deterioration
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS: pain and loss of reflexes from
neurologic disorders, such as diabetic neuropathy and Charcot
joint, cause abnormal movements that contribute to cartilage
deterioration
SKELETAL DEFORMITIES: Congenital or acquired
conditions contribute to cartilage deterioration
TRAUMA: dislocations or fracturs may lead to avascular
necrosis or uneven stress on cartilage
Changing Permanent Appliance for Ileal Conduit Correct
Answers 1. keep appliance in place for 2-14 days
2. Change appliance when fluid intake has been restricted for
several hours.
3. Sit or stand in front of mirror
4. Moisten edge of faceplate with adhesive solvent and gently
remove.
5. Clean skin with adhesive solvent
6. Wash skin with warm water (may be done while showering)
7. Dry skin and inspect
8. Place wick (rolled-up 4x4-inch pad) over stoma to keep skin
free of urine.
9. Apply skin cement to faceplate and skin
10. Place appliance over stoma
11. Wash removed appliance with soap and lukewarm water;
soak in distilled vinegar; rinse with lukewarm water and air dry
, Changing Temporary Appliance for Ileal Conduit Correct
Answers 1. Cut hole in pouch to fit over stoma (pouch 0.1
inches (0.2 cm) larger than stoma)
2. Remove old pouch
3. clean area gently and remove old adhesive
4. Wash area with warm water.
5. Place wick (rolled-up 4x4-inch pad) over stoma to keep area
dry during rest of procedure
6. Dry skin around stoma
7. Apply tincture of benzoin or other skin protectant around
stoma to area where pouch will be placed.
8. Apply pouch by first smoothing its edges toward side and
lower part of body.
9. Remove wick and complete application of bag.
10. If patient is usually in bed, apply bag so that it lies toward
side of body.
11. If patient is ambulatory, apply bag so that it lies vertically.
12. Connect drainage tubing to pouch
13. Keep drainage pouch on same side of bed as stoma
Comparison of RA and Osteoarthritis Correct Answers AGE
OF ONSET:
RA: young to middle age
OA: Usually older than 40 years
GENDER:
RA: female-to-male ratio is 2:1 or 3:1. Less marked sex
difference after age 60
OA: Females 2:1 after age 60; except for traumatic arthritis, men
less affected until age 70 or 80
