Exam (elaborations) NUR 2063 Essentials Of Pathophysiology (NUR2063)

NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2024 /
2025) Rasmussen
1. What are the functions of the kidneys?: Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
2. What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy?:
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased
stream
3. What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts?: ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
4. What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?: peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
5. What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?: Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
6. What processes occur during fasting?: glucogenesis; glycogenesis
7. What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1
diabetes?: adipose/ fat
8. What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?: myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
9. What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?: Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
10. What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?: fatigue, body
aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
11. What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?: numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
12. What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?: fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
13. What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?: negative
feedback loop
14. What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?: Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone,
LH, ACTH and endorphins
15. What is diabetes insipidus?: a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
16. clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus: polyuria, nocturia, continuous
thirst, and polydipsia
17. clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome?: Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and

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, pendulous abdomen. - Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering
abdomen develops stretch marks

- • ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -

Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -

Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
18. clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism:
Weakness. - Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain
- Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. - Brittle
fingernails.
19. clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism: fatigue. - lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. - depression. - muscle weakness.
20. clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism: hypertension and
hypokalemia
21. clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism: High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. Feeling tired all the time. - Headache. -
Muscle weakness. - Numbness.
22. What is myxedema?: severe hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
23. What are the causes of hypothyroidism?: Hashimoto's disease: most
common when the immune system attacks the thyroid cells - after surgical or
radioactive treatment for hyperthyroidism
- head or neck radiation for cancer
- iodine deficiency
24. What are the three p's in diabetes?: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
25. What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine
disorders?: Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream
glands, malfunction of the hormone producing gland; Secondary endocrine
disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland.
26. What is the cause of Cushing syndrome?: Excessive corticosteroids
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