FL COSMETOLOGY STATE BOARD
REVIEW EXAM Q&A
Melanonychia - answer-darkening of toenails
Discolored nails - answer-nails that turn variety of colors, due to surface staining,
systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.
Onychophagy - answer-aka bitten nails
Onycorrhexis - answer-split or brittle nails that have series of lengthwise ridges giving
rough appearance
Pliactered nail - answer-aka folded nail, type of highly curved nail plate caused by injury
to matrix. Leads to ingrown toenails
Bruised nail - answer-blood clot forms under nail plate, causing dark purplish spot
Eggshell nails - answer-noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than
normal
Beaus lines - answer-visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail
plate, result from injury, pneumonia, drug reaction, surgery, heart failure
Hang nail - answer-aka agnail, condition in which living skin around nail plate splits and
tears
Leukonychia spots - answer-white spots, caused by minor injury to nail matrix, not a
vitamin deficiency
Nail pterygium - answer-abnormal condition that occurs when skin is stretched out by
the nail plate, usually caused by serious injury. Do not attempt to treat/ push back
extension of skin with instrument.
Nail ridges - answer-vertical lines running down length of natural nail plate, caused by
uneven growth of nails or aging.
Splinter hemorrages - answer-caused by physical trauma or injury to nail bed that
damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow.
Trumpet nail - answer-also known as pincer nail, nail plate with deep or sharp curvature
at the free edge that causes the sidewalls to pinch into a deep curve.
,Pseudomonas aeruginosa - answer-common bacteria that can cause a nail infection, or
staphylococcus aureus.
Onychia - answer-inflammation of nail matrix, followed by shedding of nail
Onycholysis - answer-lifting of nail plate from nail bed, without shedding usually
beginning at the free edge and continuing towards luna area.
Onychomadesis - answer-separation and falling off of a nail plate from nail bed, can
affect fingernails and toenails
Nail psoriasis - answer-tiny pits or severe roughness of nail plate, can affect nail bed
causing it to develop reddish spots aka salmon patches
Onychomycosis - answer-fungal infection of the natural nail plate
Paronychia - answer-bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate causing
swelling and redness
Pyogenic granuloma - answer-severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red
tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate
Tinea pedis - answer-red, sometimes scaly, itchy rash on skin at bottom of feet and/or
inbetween toes. Fungal infection of feet. Aka athletes foot
Onychosis - answer-any deformity/disease of nail
Onychocryptosis - answer-ingrown nail
Layer of hair that provides strength/elasticity - answer-cortex
Natural ph of hair - answer-4.5-5.5
Wrapping at a 90 degree angle is ____ base placement. - answer-half- off base
Reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of - answer-
oxygen
Most alkaline permanent waves have ph between - answer-9.0-9.6
Two basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution, activator and -
answer-neutralizer
Endothermic wave must be activated using - answer-outside heat source
,Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of - answer-5
mins
_____ relaxer usually has a ph value above 10 - answer-thio chemical
Hydroxide ions left on the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using - answer-acid
balanced shampoo
No lye relaxer - answer-lithium and potassium hydroxide relaxers
Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of
negative and positive electrical changes - answer-salt bonds
Which type of rod is also known as circle rod - answer-loop rod
Chemical texturizer ______ the ph of the hair - answer-raises
Gtmg, the primary reducing agent in all acid waves has - answer-a low ph
Ammonia free waves - answer-ph 7.0-9.6
Use monoethanolamine/aminomethylpropanol (mea/amp) as active ingredient
Process at room temperature
Best for porous to normal hair
In permanent waving, most processing takes place within ___ mins - answer-5-10
With extremely curly hair, the twists are the _____ sections of the hair - answer-thinnest
and weakest
If the clients hair has been treated with a ________ relaxer it will not hold a curl -
answer-hydroxide relaxer
A ____ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed
over the strand of hair being wrapped - answer-double flat wrap
Which type of rods are usually 12 inches long with uniform diameter along the entire
length - answer-soft bender rods
Thioglycolic acid - answer-is a common reducing agent, strong unpleasant odor,
The medulla is the______ layer of the hair - answer-innermost
The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called - answer-peptide bonds
aka end bond
, Which of these is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer
with flat ironing - answer-japanese thermal straightening aka thermal reconditioning
Which relaxer requires the application of protective base cream to the entire scalp prior
to application of the relaxer - answer-base relaxer
The middle layer of the hair - answer-cortex
Commonly referrered to as lye relaxer - answer-sodium hydroxide
Thickness/thinness in liquid - answer-viscosity
Tough exterior outer layer of hair - answer-cuticle
Position the rod in relation to its base section - answer-base placement
A _____ is type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp midway
down the hair shaft - answer-piggyback wrap
Which of these stops the action of waving solution and rebuild the hair into its new curly
form - answer-thio nuetralization
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as - answer-
polypeptide chains
The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten the hair is called -
answer-ianthionization
Hydroxide bonds can be broken by - answer-water or heat
The reducing agent in permanent waving solution is referred to as - answer-thio
Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid - answer-
neither swells the hair nor penetrates into the cortex
Which type of perm is recommended for very damaged hair - answer-true acid
Mild strength relaxers are formulated for - answer-fine, color treated, or damaged hair
Amino acid is made of - answer-carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen and sulfur
Side bonds - answer-cross link polypeptide chains together
Salt bonds are broken by - answer-changes in ph, weak, one third of hair strength
Hydrogen bonds are broken by - answer-water/heat, weak
REVIEW EXAM Q&A
Melanonychia - answer-darkening of toenails
Discolored nails - answer-nails that turn variety of colors, due to surface staining,
systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.
Onychophagy - answer-aka bitten nails
Onycorrhexis - answer-split or brittle nails that have series of lengthwise ridges giving
rough appearance
Pliactered nail - answer-aka folded nail, type of highly curved nail plate caused by injury
to matrix. Leads to ingrown toenails
Bruised nail - answer-blood clot forms under nail plate, causing dark purplish spot
Eggshell nails - answer-noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than
normal
Beaus lines - answer-visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail
plate, result from injury, pneumonia, drug reaction, surgery, heart failure
Hang nail - answer-aka agnail, condition in which living skin around nail plate splits and
tears
Leukonychia spots - answer-white spots, caused by minor injury to nail matrix, not a
vitamin deficiency
Nail pterygium - answer-abnormal condition that occurs when skin is stretched out by
the nail plate, usually caused by serious injury. Do not attempt to treat/ push back
extension of skin with instrument.
Nail ridges - answer-vertical lines running down length of natural nail plate, caused by
uneven growth of nails or aging.
Splinter hemorrages - answer-caused by physical trauma or injury to nail bed that
damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow.
Trumpet nail - answer-also known as pincer nail, nail plate with deep or sharp curvature
at the free edge that causes the sidewalls to pinch into a deep curve.
,Pseudomonas aeruginosa - answer-common bacteria that can cause a nail infection, or
staphylococcus aureus.
Onychia - answer-inflammation of nail matrix, followed by shedding of nail
Onycholysis - answer-lifting of nail plate from nail bed, without shedding usually
beginning at the free edge and continuing towards luna area.
Onychomadesis - answer-separation and falling off of a nail plate from nail bed, can
affect fingernails and toenails
Nail psoriasis - answer-tiny pits or severe roughness of nail plate, can affect nail bed
causing it to develop reddish spots aka salmon patches
Onychomycosis - answer-fungal infection of the natural nail plate
Paronychia - answer-bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate causing
swelling and redness
Pyogenic granuloma - answer-severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red
tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate
Tinea pedis - answer-red, sometimes scaly, itchy rash on skin at bottom of feet and/or
inbetween toes. Fungal infection of feet. Aka athletes foot
Onychosis - answer-any deformity/disease of nail
Onychocryptosis - answer-ingrown nail
Layer of hair that provides strength/elasticity - answer-cortex
Natural ph of hair - answer-4.5-5.5
Wrapping at a 90 degree angle is ____ base placement. - answer-half- off base
Reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of - answer-
oxygen
Most alkaline permanent waves have ph between - answer-9.0-9.6
Two basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution, activator and -
answer-neutralizer
Endothermic wave must be activated using - answer-outside heat source
,Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of - answer-5
mins
_____ relaxer usually has a ph value above 10 - answer-thio chemical
Hydroxide ions left on the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using - answer-acid
balanced shampoo
No lye relaxer - answer-lithium and potassium hydroxide relaxers
Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of
negative and positive electrical changes - answer-salt bonds
Which type of rod is also known as circle rod - answer-loop rod
Chemical texturizer ______ the ph of the hair - answer-raises
Gtmg, the primary reducing agent in all acid waves has - answer-a low ph
Ammonia free waves - answer-ph 7.0-9.6
Use monoethanolamine/aminomethylpropanol (mea/amp) as active ingredient
Process at room temperature
Best for porous to normal hair
In permanent waving, most processing takes place within ___ mins - answer-5-10
With extremely curly hair, the twists are the _____ sections of the hair - answer-thinnest
and weakest
If the clients hair has been treated with a ________ relaxer it will not hold a curl -
answer-hydroxide relaxer
A ____ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed
over the strand of hair being wrapped - answer-double flat wrap
Which type of rods are usually 12 inches long with uniform diameter along the entire
length - answer-soft bender rods
Thioglycolic acid - answer-is a common reducing agent, strong unpleasant odor,
The medulla is the______ layer of the hair - answer-innermost
The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called - answer-peptide bonds
aka end bond
, Which of these is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer
with flat ironing - answer-japanese thermal straightening aka thermal reconditioning
Which relaxer requires the application of protective base cream to the entire scalp prior
to application of the relaxer - answer-base relaxer
The middle layer of the hair - answer-cortex
Commonly referrered to as lye relaxer - answer-sodium hydroxide
Thickness/thinness in liquid - answer-viscosity
Tough exterior outer layer of hair - answer-cuticle
Position the rod in relation to its base section - answer-base placement
A _____ is type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp midway
down the hair shaft - answer-piggyback wrap
Which of these stops the action of waving solution and rebuild the hair into its new curly
form - answer-thio nuetralization
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as - answer-
polypeptide chains
The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten the hair is called -
answer-ianthionization
Hydroxide bonds can be broken by - answer-water or heat
The reducing agent in permanent waving solution is referred to as - answer-thio
Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid - answer-
neither swells the hair nor penetrates into the cortex
Which type of perm is recommended for very damaged hair - answer-true acid
Mild strength relaxers are formulated for - answer-fine, color treated, or damaged hair
Amino acid is made of - answer-carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen and sulfur
Side bonds - answer-cross link polypeptide chains together
Salt bonds are broken by - answer-changes in ph, weak, one third of hair strength
Hydrogen bonds are broken by - answer-water/heat, weak
