VATI Pharmacology 2025 Iatest Exam with correct verified Answers
Graded A+
1. A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 To accelerate the HR by interfering with
ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The vagal impulses
health care provider prescribes *Atropine-anticholinergics
atropine sulfate. What best de-
scribes the intended action of at-
ropine for this client?
2. What is felbamate used for? refractory partial and generalized
seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
3. What is Lennox-Gastaut syn- kids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and
drome? seizures (any type)
4. What are the S/S of Herpes sim- Vesicular lesions
plex 2? Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
5. What are astringents? Liquid-based formulas that contain alco-
hol that help cleanse skin, tighten pores
and dry out oil. Astringent pads used
to relieve itching, burning, and irritation
caused by hemorrhoids
6. What is an adverse effect of glu- Peptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids irritate
cocorticoids? the gastric mucosa
7. How do glucocorticoids affect Cause hypokalemia
potassium?
8. Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what Dizziness and daytime drowsiness
adverse effect?
*used for insomnia
9. What is hydroxychloroquine? Antimalarial med used for RA. High risk
of SE of retinopathy, which can be irre-
versible and cause blindness
10.
, VATI Pharmacology 2025
How should hemorrhoids be -Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool
treated? and reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
11. When is herpes simplex most Equally transmissible in active and latent
transmissible? stages
12. What is doxepin (Silenor)? Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for
depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Anti-
cholinergic effects and postural hypoten-
sion
13. What is clonidine? An alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe
pain, and ADHD. Common adverse ef-
fect: dry mouth
14. When removing a central line Trendelenberg. Entry site should be be-
from a client's right internal jugu- low the level of the client's heart (limit
lar vein, how should the client be blood's ability to flow for a bit)
positioned?
15. What are the SE of Bumex -hypokalemia
(bumetanide)? -postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
16. How does an increase in sodium Decreases lithium levels
levels affect lithium levels? *Indirectly related
17. How does a decrease in sodium Increases lithium levels
levels affect lithium levels? *Indirectly related
18. How do loop diuretics work? Prevent sodium from leaving the filtrate
(pre-urine), so water stays in filtrate
too, leading to Na and water excretion.
Also hypokalemia-Causes loss of K+
, VATI Pharmacology 2025
into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hypona-
tremia, hypokalemia,
19. What should you do if you note Call doctor immediately because this in-
an elevated serum amylase in a dicates a pancreatic disorder which is
patient? dangerous
20. What does elevated serum amy- Excess pancreas enzyme: amylase.
lase indicate? Acute pancreatitis or other pancreas dis-
order
21. What is Ethcrynic acid (Ede- Loop diuretic-
crin)?
22. What is Bumex (bumetanide)? Loop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of
sodium and water in the tubules of the
kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to
reduce excessive fluid. It is more potent
than lasix
Common SE:
-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
23. The designation of proximal, me- The location of the eyelets at the end
dial, and distal ports on a central fo the catheter in the vein (the different
venous catheter is related to: endpoints of the central line along the
SVC)
24. A provider prescribes gold salts Diarrhea
for a client with rheumatoid Leukopenia
arthritis. For what serious side Thrombocytopenia
effects will the client require
monitoring?
25. What is stomatitis?
, VATI Pharmacology 2025
painful inflammation and sores of the
oral mucosa (can be seen in chemo pt's)
26. How does diphenhydramine (Be- Competes with histamine for receptors;
nadryl) work? thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries,
pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of his-
tamine binding)
27. How much fluid does a syringe <60 mL (its the pump that sits on a sur-
pump push? face and pushes a syringe's fluid over a
preset period of time)
28. What route must lipids be admin- Peripheral IV or central line
istered in?
29. Lipid emulsions need what to be An infusion pump to avoid a rapid influx
administered? of emulsion into intravascular system
30. How should lipid emulsions be Below filter tubing (so they don't clog
hung in relation to the filter? filter)
31. When must TPN tubing be 72 hours (but most often every 24 hours)
changed by?
32. TPN must be administered with Filter tubing to reduce the risk of particle
what? chunks from entering the bloodstream
(two parts: lipid emulsion and amino
acid/dextrose solution)
33. What is gentamicin and what is An aminoglycoside antibiotic that can be
an important adverse effect to be toxic to the 8th cranial nerve and kidneys
aware of?
34. What do chills, rigor, fever, dys- Blood transfusion reaction
pnea, light-headness, and flank
pain indicate?
35. What are the most common com- Febrile nonhemolytic and chill-rigor re-
plications of blood transfusions? actions
Graded A+
1. A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 To accelerate the HR by interfering with
ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The vagal impulses
health care provider prescribes *Atropine-anticholinergics
atropine sulfate. What best de-
scribes the intended action of at-
ropine for this client?
2. What is felbamate used for? refractory partial and generalized
seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
3. What is Lennox-Gastaut syn- kids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and
drome? seizures (any type)
4. What are the S/S of Herpes sim- Vesicular lesions
plex 2? Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
5. What are astringents? Liquid-based formulas that contain alco-
hol that help cleanse skin, tighten pores
and dry out oil. Astringent pads used
to relieve itching, burning, and irritation
caused by hemorrhoids
6. What is an adverse effect of glu- Peptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids irritate
cocorticoids? the gastric mucosa
7. How do glucocorticoids affect Cause hypokalemia
potassium?
8. Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what Dizziness and daytime drowsiness
adverse effect?
*used for insomnia
9. What is hydroxychloroquine? Antimalarial med used for RA. High risk
of SE of retinopathy, which can be irre-
versible and cause blindness
10.
, VATI Pharmacology 2025
How should hemorrhoids be -Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool
treated? and reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
11. When is herpes simplex most Equally transmissible in active and latent
transmissible? stages
12. What is doxepin (Silenor)? Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for
depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Anti-
cholinergic effects and postural hypoten-
sion
13. What is clonidine? An alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe
pain, and ADHD. Common adverse ef-
fect: dry mouth
14. When removing a central line Trendelenberg. Entry site should be be-
from a client's right internal jugu- low the level of the client's heart (limit
lar vein, how should the client be blood's ability to flow for a bit)
positioned?
15. What are the SE of Bumex -hypokalemia
(bumetanide)? -postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
16. How does an increase in sodium Decreases lithium levels
levels affect lithium levels? *Indirectly related
17. How does a decrease in sodium Increases lithium levels
levels affect lithium levels? *Indirectly related
18. How do loop diuretics work? Prevent sodium from leaving the filtrate
(pre-urine), so water stays in filtrate
too, leading to Na and water excretion.
Also hypokalemia-Causes loss of K+
, VATI Pharmacology 2025
into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hypona-
tremia, hypokalemia,
19. What should you do if you note Call doctor immediately because this in-
an elevated serum amylase in a dicates a pancreatic disorder which is
patient? dangerous
20. What does elevated serum amy- Excess pancreas enzyme: amylase.
lase indicate? Acute pancreatitis or other pancreas dis-
order
21. What is Ethcrynic acid (Ede- Loop diuretic-
crin)?
22. What is Bumex (bumetanide)? Loop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of
sodium and water in the tubules of the
kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to
reduce excessive fluid. It is more potent
than lasix
Common SE:
-hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
23. The designation of proximal, me- The location of the eyelets at the end
dial, and distal ports on a central fo the catheter in the vein (the different
venous catheter is related to: endpoints of the central line along the
SVC)
24. A provider prescribes gold salts Diarrhea
for a client with rheumatoid Leukopenia
arthritis. For what serious side Thrombocytopenia
effects will the client require
monitoring?
25. What is stomatitis?
, VATI Pharmacology 2025
painful inflammation and sores of the
oral mucosa (can be seen in chemo pt's)
26. How does diphenhydramine (Be- Competes with histamine for receptors;
nadryl) work? thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries,
pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of his-
tamine binding)
27. How much fluid does a syringe <60 mL (its the pump that sits on a sur-
pump push? face and pushes a syringe's fluid over a
preset period of time)
28. What route must lipids be admin- Peripheral IV or central line
istered in?
29. Lipid emulsions need what to be An infusion pump to avoid a rapid influx
administered? of emulsion into intravascular system
30. How should lipid emulsions be Below filter tubing (so they don't clog
hung in relation to the filter? filter)
31. When must TPN tubing be 72 hours (but most often every 24 hours)
changed by?
32. TPN must be administered with Filter tubing to reduce the risk of particle
what? chunks from entering the bloodstream
(two parts: lipid emulsion and amino
acid/dextrose solution)
33. What is gentamicin and what is An aminoglycoside antibiotic that can be
an important adverse effect to be toxic to the 8th cranial nerve and kidneys
aware of?
34. What do chills, rigor, fever, dys- Blood transfusion reaction
pnea, light-headness, and flank
pain indicate?
35. What are the most common com- Febrile nonhemolytic and chill-rigor re-
plications of blood transfusions? actions
