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Intracranial hemorrhage's goal for treatment? - ✔✔Stop bleeding. Decrease icp.
Subdural hematoma? - ✔✔bleeding between covering of brain (dura) and surface of
brain. Compress brain tissue , leadin to brain dead. Most pt do not recover.
Epidural hematoma? - ✔✔covering of the brain (dura) peel away from skull (from skull
fracture). Wake up and die. Changes in vital signs are late signs.
SubArachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)? - ✔✔aneurysm of artery in brain, causing rupture.
This is a type of hemorhagic stroke. Risk for repeated bleeding is 35% within. First 14
days post first bleed. Vasospasm is a common complication of SAH. Cerebral
angiogram can dx cerebral aneurysm. A ruptured aneurysm has a risk for death of 40%
, 08% disable after rupture.
Normal ICP for adult? - ✔✔less than 15mmHg. When treating high ICP, the goal is to be
20 mmHg ICP.
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, What is cushing's triad? - ✔✔three symptoms that indicate brian damage from high
ICP. BRADYCARDIA, RESP DEPRESSION, HYPERTENSION.
What factors increase ICP? - ✔✔suction, any stimulations.
Glascow score of 5 indicate? - ✔✔
Cerebral angiogram? - ✔✔visualize cerebral blood flow and blood vessels. Can remove
clot in bv at time of process. Insertion of dye through femoral artery. Pt lies flat.
Indicated for: atherosclerosis, dissection, tumor, aneurysm, av malformation, stroke.
Not for kidney failure, bleeding issue, allergic to dye (iodine& shellfish). Cerebral
angiogram can dx cerebral aneurysm. A ruptured aneurysm has a risk for death of 40%
, 08% disable after rupture.
Av malformation? - ✔✔l connection between artery and vein without capillary bed
between in brain blood vessels. Leading to high pressure in veins (as vein is receiving
blood too quick!-> weaken bv-> risk aneurysm.
WHY IS AVM BAD? - ✔✔1 risk of aneurysm rupture. 2 enlarged avm will put pressure
on surrounding brain. 3 cells that only gets oxy from capillary bed will die.
Types of AV MALFORMATION? - ✔✔dural fistula, venous malformation, cavernoma,
capillary telangiectasia.
two locations of AVM? - ✔✔BRAIN & SPINE.
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