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English cultural domination - ✔✔In the 18th century, cultural life in the colonies was
dominated by English culture. Architecture, painting, and literature were strongly
influenced by the English. (p. 50)
Benjamin West - ✔✔Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and
financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist. (p. 51)
John Copley - ✔✔Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and
financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist. (p. 51)
Benjamin Franklin - ✔✔He was the most popular and successful American writer of the
18th century. (p. 51)
Poor Richard's Almanack - ✔✔Written by Benjamin Franklin, this book written in 1732
and annually revised, contained aphorisms and advice. (p. 51)
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, Phillis Wheatley - ✔✔Her poetry is noteworthy for her triumph over slavery and the
quality of her verse. (p. 51)
John Bartram - ✔✔Self-taught botanist from Philadelphia. (p. 51)
professions; religion, medicine, law - ✔✔Ministers, physicians, and lawyers were all
respected careers in the 18th century colonies. (p. 52)
religious toleration - ✔✔The overwhelming majority of colonists were Protestants. Jews,
Catholics, and Quakers suffered from the most serious discrimination and even
persecution. (p. 49)
established church - ✔✔Churches that were financed by the government. (p. 49)
Great Awakening - ✔✔This religious movement was at its peak in the 1730s and 1740s.
It was characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people.
(p. 49)
Jonathan Edwards - ✔✔This reverend from Massachusetts argued that God was
rightfully angry with human sinfulness. Those who repented could be saved by God's
grace, but those who did not would suffer eternal damnation. (p. 49)
George Whitefield - ✔✔He came to the colonies from England in 1739. He spread the
Great Awakening throughout the colonies, sometime attracting crowds of 10,000
people. His sermons stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those
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