SANS 410 UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Industrial Control System (ICS) - CORRECT ANSWER - A device, or set of devices, that
manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.
ICS technology drivers - CORRECT ANSWER - Reliability, efficiency, safety, and ease of
use.
Discrete Process - CORRECT ANSWER - A process where a specified quantity of
material moves as a unit between workstations and each unit maintains it's unique identity.
Batch Process - CORRECT ANSWER - A process that requires the mixing of raw
materials, usually in a heated vessel.
Continuous Process - CORRECT ANSWER - A physical system that is represented
through variables that are smooth an uninterrupted in time.
Hybrid Process - CORRECT ANSWER - reactive systems that intermix discrete and
continuous processes
Process Engineer - CORRECT ANSWER - Designs the systems and processes used in the
control environment.
Field Technician - CORRECT ANSWER - Maintains and repairs field devices
Programmer - CORRECT ANSWER - Implements the individual steps of the process code
and deploys the code to the controllers.
,Operator - CORRECT ANSWER - Works in the operations center remotely managing and
controlling the process
Owner/Operators - CORRECT ANSWER - Purchases and uses the system. responsible for
safe operation and meeting regulations.
Vendors - CORRECT ANSWER - Manufacture equipment and software
Integrator - CORRECT ANSWER - Design, configure, test, train, and refresh systems.
Government - CORRECT ANSWER - Implement guidance and regulation
programmable logic controller (PLC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Computer based, solid-
state devices that control industrial equipment and processes.
Remote terminal unit (RTU) - CORRECT ANSWER - Is installed to report local system
information and otherwise communicate with the upstream supervisory system. Connection
typically made using RS-232 or RS-485
Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) - CORRECT ANSWER - Used in the power industry
primarily, and have limited function, but contain their own control logic and are usually micro-
controller based.
Digital Protective Relay (DPR) - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains a micro-controller with
the specific purpose of measuring voltages and currents to determining whether a fault in the
system exists.
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) - CORRECT ANSWER - Measure voltages and currents
at principle intersecting locations on a power grid and can output accurately timestamped voltage
and current phasors.
, Communication Gateway - CORRECT ANSWER - Facilitates data acquitting, storage,
transmission and protocol conversion though the industrial data network. Widely used to apply
timestamp data to logs for locally connected RTUs
Communication Modules - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect FEP into networks of
intelligent electronic devices (IED) such as modbus or PROFIBUS.
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - CORRECT ANSWER - Runs on an embedded
device and is specialized in running programs with specific scheduling paradigm.
Microkernels - CORRECT ANSWER - Responsible for Inter-process Communication
(IPC), virtual memory, and scheduling.
Ladder Diagram (Ladder logic) - CORRECT ANSWER - Relay logic displays and
drawings and was written to be understood by technicians. Operates on rules rather than
producers or functions.
Each pass over is called a scan, and it occurs many times per second.
Function Block Diagram (FBD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses a series of blocks with a
purpose and inputs and outputs strung together. The order by which the blocks executes depends
on the Vendor.
Structured Text (ST) - CORRECT ANSWER - A Series of instructions to include
statements implemented by a vendors use of an editor, such as programming languages like C.
Instruction List(IL) - CORRECT ANSWER - Similar to assembly language, this is a very
low level language that executes quickly and takes up less space.
Sequential Function Chart (SFC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Steps from top to bottom of
instructions, executing commands and transitions wait for conditions to be true to move forward.
and CORRECT Answers
Industrial Control System (ICS) - CORRECT ANSWER - A device, or set of devices, that
manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.
ICS technology drivers - CORRECT ANSWER - Reliability, efficiency, safety, and ease of
use.
Discrete Process - CORRECT ANSWER - A process where a specified quantity of
material moves as a unit between workstations and each unit maintains it's unique identity.
Batch Process - CORRECT ANSWER - A process that requires the mixing of raw
materials, usually in a heated vessel.
Continuous Process - CORRECT ANSWER - A physical system that is represented
through variables that are smooth an uninterrupted in time.
Hybrid Process - CORRECT ANSWER - reactive systems that intermix discrete and
continuous processes
Process Engineer - CORRECT ANSWER - Designs the systems and processes used in the
control environment.
Field Technician - CORRECT ANSWER - Maintains and repairs field devices
Programmer - CORRECT ANSWER - Implements the individual steps of the process code
and deploys the code to the controllers.
,Operator - CORRECT ANSWER - Works in the operations center remotely managing and
controlling the process
Owner/Operators - CORRECT ANSWER - Purchases and uses the system. responsible for
safe operation and meeting regulations.
Vendors - CORRECT ANSWER - Manufacture equipment and software
Integrator - CORRECT ANSWER - Design, configure, test, train, and refresh systems.
Government - CORRECT ANSWER - Implement guidance and regulation
programmable logic controller (PLC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Computer based, solid-
state devices that control industrial equipment and processes.
Remote terminal unit (RTU) - CORRECT ANSWER - Is installed to report local system
information and otherwise communicate with the upstream supervisory system. Connection
typically made using RS-232 or RS-485
Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) - CORRECT ANSWER - Used in the power industry
primarily, and have limited function, but contain their own control logic and are usually micro-
controller based.
Digital Protective Relay (DPR) - CORRECT ANSWER - Contains a micro-controller with
the specific purpose of measuring voltages and currents to determining whether a fault in the
system exists.
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) - CORRECT ANSWER - Measure voltages and currents
at principle intersecting locations on a power grid and can output accurately timestamped voltage
and current phasors.
, Communication Gateway - CORRECT ANSWER - Facilitates data acquitting, storage,
transmission and protocol conversion though the industrial data network. Widely used to apply
timestamp data to logs for locally connected RTUs
Communication Modules - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect FEP into networks of
intelligent electronic devices (IED) such as modbus or PROFIBUS.
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - CORRECT ANSWER - Runs on an embedded
device and is specialized in running programs with specific scheduling paradigm.
Microkernels - CORRECT ANSWER - Responsible for Inter-process Communication
(IPC), virtual memory, and scheduling.
Ladder Diagram (Ladder logic) - CORRECT ANSWER - Relay logic displays and
drawings and was written to be understood by technicians. Operates on rules rather than
producers or functions.
Each pass over is called a scan, and it occurs many times per second.
Function Block Diagram (FBD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses a series of blocks with a
purpose and inputs and outputs strung together. The order by which the blocks executes depends
on the Vendor.
Structured Text (ST) - CORRECT ANSWER - A Series of instructions to include
statements implemented by a vendors use of an editor, such as programming languages like C.
Instruction List(IL) - CORRECT ANSWER - Similar to assembly language, this is a very
low level language that executes quickly and takes up less space.
Sequential Function Chart (SFC) - CORRECT ANSWER - Steps from top to bottom of
instructions, executing commands and transitions wait for conditions to be true to move forward.
