PH 456 Midterm Test With
Correct Solution
correlate - ANSWER a variable that is statisticallyrelated to some other variable, such as
drug use.
antecedent - ANSWER a variable that occurs before some event such as the initiation of
drug use.
longitudinal study - ANSWER a study done over a period of time (months or years).
gateway - ANSWER one of the first drugs (e.g. alcohol or tobacco) used by a typical
drug user.
reinforcement - ANSWER a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a
consequence event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated. the
behavior of taking a drug may be reinforced by the effect of the drug.
laissez-faire - ANSWER a hands-off approach to governemnt
toxic - ANSWER poisonous, dangerous
behavioral toxicity - ANSWER toxicity resulting from behavioral effects of a drug.
acute - ANSWER referring to drugs, the short-term effects of a single dose.
chronic - ANSWER referring to drugs, the long-term effects from repeated use.
drug recognition expert (DRE) - ANSWER a police officer trained to examine intoxicated
individuals to determine which of several classes of drugs caused the intoxication.
DAWN - ANSWER Drug Abuse warning Network. System for collecting data on
drug-related deaths or emergency room visits.
HIV - ANSWER human immunodeficiency virus.
AIDS - ANSWER acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
bath salts - ANSWER mephedrone or a related stimulant packaged as bath salts but
intended for use as a psychoactive drug.
tolerance - ANSWER reduced effect of a drug after repeated use.
physical dependence - ANSWER drug dependence defined by the presence of a
withdrawal syndrome, implying that the body has become adapted to the drug's
, presence.
withdrawal syndrome - ANSWER a consistent set of symptoms that appears after
discontinuing use of a drug.
psychological dependence - ANSWER behavioral dependence; indicated by high rate of
drug use, craving for the drug, and a tendency to relapse after stopping use.
reinforcement - ANSWER a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a
consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated. The
behavior of taking a drug may be reinforced by the effect of the drug.
catheters - ANSWER plastic or other tubing implanted into the body.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - ANSWER a worldwide organization of self-help groups
based on alcoholics helping other achieve and maintain sobriety.
biopsychosocial - ANSWER a theory or perspective that relies on the interaction of
biological, individual psychological, and social variables.
morphine - ANSWER a narcotic, the primary active chemical in opium. Heroin is made
from morphine.
patent medicines - ANSWER medicines sold directly to the public under various
trademark names. Primarily associated with the period before 1906.
cocaine - ANSWER a stimulant; the primary active chemical in coca.
FDA - ANSWER the united States Food and Drug Administration
NDA - ANSWER new drug application. Must be approved before a drug is sold.
IND - ANSWER application to investigate a new drug in human clinical trials.
DEA - ANSWER Drug Enforcement administration, a branch of the Department of
Justice.
homeostasis - ANSWER maintenance of an environment of body functions within a
certain range (e.g. temperature, blood pressure).
membrane - ANSWER a thin, limiting covering of a neuron, which is the control center.
dendrites - ANSWER branchlike structures that extend from the cell body and specialize
in receiving signals from other neurons.
axon - ANSWER a thin tube that extends from the cell body and specializes in
transmitting signals to other neurons.
axon terminals - ANSWER the end region of the axon.
receptors - ANSWER recognition mechanisms that respond to the specific chemical
Correct Solution
correlate - ANSWER a variable that is statisticallyrelated to some other variable, such as
drug use.
antecedent - ANSWER a variable that occurs before some event such as the initiation of
drug use.
longitudinal study - ANSWER a study done over a period of time (months or years).
gateway - ANSWER one of the first drugs (e.g. alcohol or tobacco) used by a typical
drug user.
reinforcement - ANSWER a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a
consequence event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated. the
behavior of taking a drug may be reinforced by the effect of the drug.
laissez-faire - ANSWER a hands-off approach to governemnt
toxic - ANSWER poisonous, dangerous
behavioral toxicity - ANSWER toxicity resulting from behavioral effects of a drug.
acute - ANSWER referring to drugs, the short-term effects of a single dose.
chronic - ANSWER referring to drugs, the long-term effects from repeated use.
drug recognition expert (DRE) - ANSWER a police officer trained to examine intoxicated
individuals to determine which of several classes of drugs caused the intoxication.
DAWN - ANSWER Drug Abuse warning Network. System for collecting data on
drug-related deaths or emergency room visits.
HIV - ANSWER human immunodeficiency virus.
AIDS - ANSWER acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
bath salts - ANSWER mephedrone or a related stimulant packaged as bath salts but
intended for use as a psychoactive drug.
tolerance - ANSWER reduced effect of a drug after repeated use.
physical dependence - ANSWER drug dependence defined by the presence of a
withdrawal syndrome, implying that the body has become adapted to the drug's
, presence.
withdrawal syndrome - ANSWER a consistent set of symptoms that appears after
discontinuing use of a drug.
psychological dependence - ANSWER behavioral dependence; indicated by high rate of
drug use, craving for the drug, and a tendency to relapse after stopping use.
reinforcement - ANSWER a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a
consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated. The
behavior of taking a drug may be reinforced by the effect of the drug.
catheters - ANSWER plastic or other tubing implanted into the body.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - ANSWER a worldwide organization of self-help groups
based on alcoholics helping other achieve and maintain sobriety.
biopsychosocial - ANSWER a theory or perspective that relies on the interaction of
biological, individual psychological, and social variables.
morphine - ANSWER a narcotic, the primary active chemical in opium. Heroin is made
from morphine.
patent medicines - ANSWER medicines sold directly to the public under various
trademark names. Primarily associated with the period before 1906.
cocaine - ANSWER a stimulant; the primary active chemical in coca.
FDA - ANSWER the united States Food and Drug Administration
NDA - ANSWER new drug application. Must be approved before a drug is sold.
IND - ANSWER application to investigate a new drug in human clinical trials.
DEA - ANSWER Drug Enforcement administration, a branch of the Department of
Justice.
homeostasis - ANSWER maintenance of an environment of body functions within a
certain range (e.g. temperature, blood pressure).
membrane - ANSWER a thin, limiting covering of a neuron, which is the control center.
dendrites - ANSWER branchlike structures that extend from the cell body and specialize
in receiving signals from other neurons.
axon - ANSWER a thin tube that extends from the cell body and specializes in
transmitting signals to other neurons.
axon terminals - ANSWER the end region of the axon.
receptors - ANSWER recognition mechanisms that respond to the specific chemical
