WGU D236: Pathophysiology Exam Prep |100
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Practice Questions with Detailed Answers i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
|100% Correct| Latest 2025/2026. i,- i,- i,-
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What condition does the patient have?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Metabolic acidosis i,-
Respiratory alkalosis. i,-
Respiratory acidosis i,-
Metabolic alkalosis i,- i,-i,- i,- Metabolic alkalosis i,-
Rational: The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
retaining more CO2 i,- i,-
What happens in a dehydrated patient?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is activated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is inactivated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,ADH levels increase and the RAAS is inactivated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH levels increase and the RAAS is activated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- ADH levels i,- i,-
increase and the RAAS is activated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes) inhibitors are used to treat
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
abnormal blood pressure. They prevent the conversion of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
angiotensin I to angiotensin II. i,- i,- i,- i,-
Which explains how ACE inhibitors work?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels. This lowers blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels more dilated. This raises blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels more dilated. This lowers blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels. This raises blood pressure.
i,- The decrease in the
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
This lowers blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,-
When is the RASS system activated? In low blood pressure or
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
high blood pressure?
i,- Low blood pressure i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-
,As Diane completes her race, what enables her body to maintain
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
homeostasis despite her increased activity? Choose 3 answers.i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's sports drink helped to replace sodium and water lost due
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
to sweating.
i,- i,-
Diane's body produces more angiotensin II, allowing her body to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
constrict blood vessels and increase her blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's kidney reabsorbs more water and sodium in response to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH and aldosterone.
i,- i,- i,-
Extracellular fluid shifts into intracellular fluid, expanding cells and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
stimulating the thirst center in the hypothalamus. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's breathing increases to expel more CO2, which decreases
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
pH and brings it back to homeostatic levels.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
incorrect Diane's sports drink helped to replace sodium and
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
water lost due to sweating.
i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's body produces more angiotensin II, allowing her body to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
constrict blood vessels and increase her blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's kidney reabsorbs more water and sodium in response to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH and aldosterone.
i,- i,-
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
removing it from the bloodstream. i,- i,- i,- i,-
, His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
into the bloodstream.
i,- i,-
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
of H+ makes it easier for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
adding it into the bloodstream. His CO2 level is increased
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
into the bloodstream.
i,- i,-
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What differentiates type I from type II diabetes?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The insulin producing cells of type I diabetics are destroyed, and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
they do not produce insulin. In type II diabetics, their cells are less
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
responsive to insulin. i,- i,-
Type I diabetes can be treated, while type II diabetics do not
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
benefit from supplemental insulin. i,- i,- i,-
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Practice Questions with Detailed Answers i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
|100% Correct| Latest 2025/2026. i,- i,- i,-
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What condition does the patient have?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Metabolic acidosis i,-
Respiratory alkalosis. i,-
Respiratory acidosis i,-
Metabolic alkalosis i,- i,-i,- i,- Metabolic alkalosis i,-
Rational: The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
retaining more CO2 i,- i,-
What happens in a dehydrated patient?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is activated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is inactivated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
,ADH levels increase and the RAAS is inactivated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH levels increase and the RAAS is activated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- ADH levels i,- i,-
increase and the RAAS is activated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes) inhibitors are used to treat
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
abnormal blood pressure. They prevent the conversion of
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
angiotensin I to angiotensin II. i,- i,- i,- i,-
Which explains how ACE inhibitors work?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels. This lowers blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels more dilated. This raises blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels more dilated. This lowers blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
vessels. This raises blood pressure.
i,- The decrease in the
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
This lowers blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,-
When is the RASS system activated? In low blood pressure or
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
high blood pressure?
i,- Low blood pressure i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,-
,As Diane completes her race, what enables her body to maintain
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
homeostasis despite her increased activity? Choose 3 answers.i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's sports drink helped to replace sodium and water lost due
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
to sweating.
i,- i,-
Diane's body produces more angiotensin II, allowing her body to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
constrict blood vessels and increase her blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's kidney reabsorbs more water and sodium in response to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH and aldosterone.
i,- i,- i,-
Extracellular fluid shifts into intracellular fluid, expanding cells and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
stimulating the thirst center in the hypothalamus. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's breathing increases to expel more CO2, which decreases
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
pH and brings it back to homeostatic levels.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
incorrect Diane's sports drink helped to replace sodium and
i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
water lost due to sweating.
i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's body produces more angiotensin II, allowing her body to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
constrict blood vessels and increase her blood pressure.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Diane's kidney reabsorbs more water and sodium in response to
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
ADH and aldosterone.
i,- i,-
Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
answers.
His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
removing it from the bloodstream. i,- i,- i,- i,-
, His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
into the bloodstream.
i,- i,-
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
His calcium level is reduced because the elevated concentration
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
of H+ makes it easier for Ca+ to bind to albumin.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
His CO2 level is decreased because his lungs have difficulty
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
adding it into the bloodstream. His CO2 level is increased
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
bloodstream.
His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
into the bloodstream.
i,- i,-
His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia.
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
What differentiates type I from type II diabetes?
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
The insulin producing cells of type I diabetics are destroyed, and
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
they do not produce insulin. In type II diabetics, their cells are less
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
responsive to insulin. i,- i,-
Type I diabetes can be treated, while type II diabetics do not
i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
benefit from supplemental insulin. i,- i,- i,-
