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Fluid and Electrolytes
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All the electrolytes and what you NEED to know!!!
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By: jenniferrollison2 • 3 months ago
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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES STUDY GUIDEPOTASSIUM: THINK HEART
Major function: maintaining heart and muscle contraction
RANGE: 3.5 - 5
TIP: Think of how many bananas you would get in a bunch: (3-5)
HYPERkalemia: >5.0 = TIGHT & CONTRACTED MUSCLES
Causes: acidosis, renal failure (retaining potassium)
- ECG changes (peaked T waves); MONITOR FOR CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
- Muscle weakness
- Chest pain
- Diarrhea
- Increased deep tendon reflexes
TREATMENT:
● Calcium gluconate
● Kayexalate
● Sodium bicarb
● ALWAYS HAVE ON TELEMETRY
HYPOkalemia: <3.5 = LOW & SLOW
Causes: vomiting, loop diuretics
- Flat T waves/ inverted, ST depression on cardiac monitor
- Muscle cramping
- Flaccid paralysis
- Constipation = paralytic ileus
TREATMENT:
● Oral or IVPB potassium; NEVER IVP POTASSIUM!!!!!
● Stop loop diuretics, anti nausea meds if needed
, SODIUM: THINK NEURO CHANGES
Major function: maintaining blood volume and BP
RANGE: 135-145
TIP: WATER FOLLOWS SALT
HYPERnatremia >145 = BIG AND BLOATED
Causes: Dehydration, diarrhea, CKD, burns, cushings
- Flushed skin
- Edema
- Polydipsia
- Muscle twitching
- Swollen dry tongue
- N/V
TREATMENT:
● Fluids (dilute sodium in blood)
HYPOnatremia: <135 = NEURO CHANGES
Causes: vomiting, intestinal obstruction and diarrhea, diuretics, Addisons
- Seizures
- Coma
- Confusion
- RESPIRATORY ARREST
TREATMENT:
● Eat foods with natural sodium (green leafy, table salt; increase slightly)
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