[Jaar]
Media-effecten
SAMENVATTING B-KUL-S0N80A
,Inhoud
Hoorcollege 1 - Introductie.............................................................................................................4
Wat zijn media-effecten? Wetenschappelijke benadering........................................................4
Doelen van de wetenschap.....................................................................................................4
Hoe worden die doelen bereikt?.............................................................................................5
Toekomst van media-effecten onderzoek.................................................................................6
Geschiedenis van media-effecten onderzoek........................................................................6
Effectgroottes in media-effectenonderzoek..........................................................................6
5 uitdagingen voor toekomst media-effectenonderzoek......................................................7
Hoorcollege 2 – Onderzoeksmethoden in media-effectenonderzoek.......................................10
Inhoudsanalyse.........................................................................................................................10
Proces van inhoudsanalyse..................................................................................................10
Survey.........................................................................................................................................11
Types survey..........................................................................................................................11
Proces van survey..................................................................................................................11
Zoektocht naar causale verbanden......................................................................................11
Experiment.................................................................................................................................12
Experimentele designs..........................................................................................................12
Controverse............................................................................................................................13
Andere methoden..................................................................................................................13
Hoorcollege 3 – Agendasetting...................................................................................................14
Nieuws en de publieke agenda.................................................................................................14
Agendasetting........................................................................................................................14
Historische context...............................................................................................................14
Het onderzoek sindsdien......................................................................................................14
Acapulco typologie (McCombs)...........................................................................................15
Agendasetting........................................................................................................................16
Need for orientation (NFO)...................................................................................................16
Gevolgen van agendasetting effecten..................................................................................16
Hoorcollege 4 – Framing..............................................................................................................18
Nieuws framing: theorie en onderzoek....................................................................................18
Framing..................................................................................................................................18
Disciplinaire oorsprong.........................................................................................................18
Verwante, maar andere processen.......................................................................................19
Framing in communicatieonderzoek....................................................................................20
Problemen..............................................................................................................................21
,Hoorcollege 5 – Cultivation theory..............................................................................................22
Cultivation theory......................................................................................................................22
Centrale stelling.....................................................................................................................22
Televisie in de maatschappij.................................................................................................22
Shift van effecten naar cultivatie..........................................................................................22
Cultivatie onderzoek..............................................................................................................23
Cognitieve processen............................................................................................................23
Mainstreaming.......................................................................................................................23
Internationale context...........................................................................................................23
Cultivatie onderzoek..............................................................................................................24
Cultivation theory in de 21e eeuw.........................................................................................24
Social cognition (uitbereiding cultivation effects)..................................................................24
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................24
Social cognition.....................................................................................................................25
Media-effecten en toegankelijkheid.....................................................................................25
Cultivatie effecten – psychologische processen................................................................25
Second order model..............................................................................................................27
Hoorcollege 6 - Priming................................................................................................................28
Media priming............................................................................................................................28
Centrale priming domeinen...................................................................................................28
Modellen die priming uitleggen............................................................................................29
Modellen die priming uitleggen............................................................................................30
Conclusie...............................................................................................................................31
Hoorcollege 7 – Elaboration Likelihood Model...........................................................................32
Attitudeverandering: Elaboration Likelihood Model................................................................32
Massamedia overtuiging......................................................................................................32
Media campagnes & attitudes..................................................................................................32
Theorieën rond attitudeverandering.........................................................................................32
The Communication / Persuasion Matrix Model of Media effects (McGuire)..................32
Cognitive Response Theory (CRT)........................................................................................33
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)....................................................................................33
Invloed op hoeveel we denken..............................................................................................34
Dezelfde elementen kunnen verschillende rollen spelen....................................................34
Uitdaging voor toekomstig onderzoek.....................................................................................35
Link tussen attitude & gedrag...................................................................................................35
Hoorcollege 8 – Social Cognitive Theory....................................................................................37
Social Cognitive Theory............................................................................................................37
, Social cognitive theory – agency..........................................................................................37
Mechanismen van observationeel leren..............................................................................38
Abstract modeling.................................................................................................................38
Vicarious arousal...................................................................................................................38
Motivational effects..............................................................................................................39
Constructie sociale werkelijkheid & social prompting........................................................39
Methode onderzoek...............................................................................................................39
Dual link versus multipattern flow of influence...................................................................40
Ongewenste en gewenste effecten......................................................................................40
Toekomst van Social Cognitive Theory onderzoek.............................................................41
Hoorcollege 9 – Uses and gratifications.....................................................................................42
Uses and gratifications (U&G)..................................................................................................42
Functionele benadering.........................................................................................................42
Uses-and-gratifications paradigma......................................................................................43
Typologieën............................................................................................................................43
Kritiek.....................................................................................................................................43
Hedendaagse studies...........................................................................................................44
Media uses & effects.............................................................................................................44
Hoorcollege 11 – Individuele verschillen + third-person effect.................................................46
Individuele verschillen...............................................................................................................46
Enjoyment/emotionele reactie op media.............................................................................46
Selectieve blootstelling interpretatie en herinnering van media.........................................47
Effecten van media op attitudes en gedrag.........................................................................47
Third-person effect....................................................................................................................48
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................48
Onderzoek naar TPE..............................................................................................................48
Conditionele TPE effecten....................................................................................................48
Individuele verschillen...........................................................................................................48
Wat zijn de gevolgen?............................................................................................................49
Media-effecten
SAMENVATTING B-KUL-S0N80A
,Inhoud
Hoorcollege 1 - Introductie.............................................................................................................4
Wat zijn media-effecten? Wetenschappelijke benadering........................................................4
Doelen van de wetenschap.....................................................................................................4
Hoe worden die doelen bereikt?.............................................................................................5
Toekomst van media-effecten onderzoek.................................................................................6
Geschiedenis van media-effecten onderzoek........................................................................6
Effectgroottes in media-effectenonderzoek..........................................................................6
5 uitdagingen voor toekomst media-effectenonderzoek......................................................7
Hoorcollege 2 – Onderzoeksmethoden in media-effectenonderzoek.......................................10
Inhoudsanalyse.........................................................................................................................10
Proces van inhoudsanalyse..................................................................................................10
Survey.........................................................................................................................................11
Types survey..........................................................................................................................11
Proces van survey..................................................................................................................11
Zoektocht naar causale verbanden......................................................................................11
Experiment.................................................................................................................................12
Experimentele designs..........................................................................................................12
Controverse............................................................................................................................13
Andere methoden..................................................................................................................13
Hoorcollege 3 – Agendasetting...................................................................................................14
Nieuws en de publieke agenda.................................................................................................14
Agendasetting........................................................................................................................14
Historische context...............................................................................................................14
Het onderzoek sindsdien......................................................................................................14
Acapulco typologie (McCombs)...........................................................................................15
Agendasetting........................................................................................................................16
Need for orientation (NFO)...................................................................................................16
Gevolgen van agendasetting effecten..................................................................................16
Hoorcollege 4 – Framing..............................................................................................................18
Nieuws framing: theorie en onderzoek....................................................................................18
Framing..................................................................................................................................18
Disciplinaire oorsprong.........................................................................................................18
Verwante, maar andere processen.......................................................................................19
Framing in communicatieonderzoek....................................................................................20
Problemen..............................................................................................................................21
,Hoorcollege 5 – Cultivation theory..............................................................................................22
Cultivation theory......................................................................................................................22
Centrale stelling.....................................................................................................................22
Televisie in de maatschappij.................................................................................................22
Shift van effecten naar cultivatie..........................................................................................22
Cultivatie onderzoek..............................................................................................................23
Cognitieve processen............................................................................................................23
Mainstreaming.......................................................................................................................23
Internationale context...........................................................................................................23
Cultivatie onderzoek..............................................................................................................24
Cultivation theory in de 21e eeuw.........................................................................................24
Social cognition (uitbereiding cultivation effects)..................................................................24
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................24
Social cognition.....................................................................................................................25
Media-effecten en toegankelijkheid.....................................................................................25
Cultivatie effecten – psychologische processen................................................................25
Second order model..............................................................................................................27
Hoorcollege 6 - Priming................................................................................................................28
Media priming............................................................................................................................28
Centrale priming domeinen...................................................................................................28
Modellen die priming uitleggen............................................................................................29
Modellen die priming uitleggen............................................................................................30
Conclusie...............................................................................................................................31
Hoorcollege 7 – Elaboration Likelihood Model...........................................................................32
Attitudeverandering: Elaboration Likelihood Model................................................................32
Massamedia overtuiging......................................................................................................32
Media campagnes & attitudes..................................................................................................32
Theorieën rond attitudeverandering.........................................................................................32
The Communication / Persuasion Matrix Model of Media effects (McGuire)..................32
Cognitive Response Theory (CRT)........................................................................................33
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)....................................................................................33
Invloed op hoeveel we denken..............................................................................................34
Dezelfde elementen kunnen verschillende rollen spelen....................................................34
Uitdaging voor toekomstig onderzoek.....................................................................................35
Link tussen attitude & gedrag...................................................................................................35
Hoorcollege 8 – Social Cognitive Theory....................................................................................37
Social Cognitive Theory............................................................................................................37
, Social cognitive theory – agency..........................................................................................37
Mechanismen van observationeel leren..............................................................................38
Abstract modeling.................................................................................................................38
Vicarious arousal...................................................................................................................38
Motivational effects..............................................................................................................39
Constructie sociale werkelijkheid & social prompting........................................................39
Methode onderzoek...............................................................................................................39
Dual link versus multipattern flow of influence...................................................................40
Ongewenste en gewenste effecten......................................................................................40
Toekomst van Social Cognitive Theory onderzoek.............................................................41
Hoorcollege 9 – Uses and gratifications.....................................................................................42
Uses and gratifications (U&G)..................................................................................................42
Functionele benadering.........................................................................................................42
Uses-and-gratifications paradigma......................................................................................43
Typologieën............................................................................................................................43
Kritiek.....................................................................................................................................43
Hedendaagse studies...........................................................................................................44
Media uses & effects.............................................................................................................44
Hoorcollege 11 – Individuele verschillen + third-person effect.................................................46
Individuele verschillen...............................................................................................................46
Enjoyment/emotionele reactie op media.............................................................................46
Selectieve blootstelling interpretatie en herinnering van media.........................................47
Effecten van media op attitudes en gedrag.........................................................................47
Third-person effect....................................................................................................................48
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................48
Onderzoek naar TPE..............................................................................................................48
Conditionele TPE effecten....................................................................................................48
Individuele verschillen...........................................................................................................48
Wat zijn de gevolgen?............................................................................................................49
