RCD midterms concepts Exam Study Questions And Advanced Answers.

concrete - correct answer is a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates held together in a rocklike mass with a paste of cement and water. Reinforced concrete - correct answer combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength lacking in the concrete. Steel reinforcing is also capable of resisting compression forces and is used in columns as well as in other situations. Advantages of Reinforced Concrete - correct answer • It has a relatively high compressive strength. • It has better resistance to fire than steel. • It has a long service life with low maintenance cost. • In some types of structures, such as dams, piers, and footings, it is the most economical structural material. • It can be cast to take the shape required, making it widely used in precast structural components. It yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection. Disdvantages of Reinforced Concrete - correct answer • It has a low tensile strength of about one-tenth of its compressive strength. • It needs mixing, casting, and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete. • The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high. The cost of form material and artisanry may equal the cost of concrete placed in the forms. • Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads. Structural Concrete Elements - correct answer Slabs Beams Columns Frames Footings Walls Stairs slabs - correct answer are horizontal plate elements in building floors and roofs. They may carry gravity loads as well as lateral loads. The depth of the slab is usually very small relative to its length or width. beams - correct answer long, horizontal, or inclined members with limited width and depth. Their main function is to support loads from slabs. Columns - correct answer critical members that support loads from beams or slabs. They may be subjected to axial loads or axial loads and moments. frames - correct answer structural members that consist of a combination of beams and columns or slabs, beams, and columns. They may be statically determinate or statically indeterminate frames. footings - correct answer are pads or strips that support columns and spread their loads directly to the soil. walls - correct answer are vertical plate elements resisting gravity as well as lateral loads as in the case of basement walls. stairs - correct answer are provided in all buildings either low or high rise. - correct answer