PN 4006 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PN 4006 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Diffusion - ANSWER -the spontaneous movement of gases, without the use of any energy or effort by the body, between the alveoli and the capillaries in the lungs initial S&S of a blood transfusion reaction - ANSWER -restlessness, back pain, fever & chills atrial dysrhythmias can be caused by - ANSWER -caffeine, metabolic disorders, hyperthyroidism variant angina - ANSWER -caused by coronary artery spasm Atrial flutter - ANSWER -dysrhythmia described as saw tooth on the ECG Myocardium - ANSWER -middle layer of the heart consisting of muscle tissue is the force behind hearts pumping action cardiac output - ANSWER -the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each minute electrocardiography - ANSWER -graphic recording of the electrical currents generated by the heart muscle Arteriography - ANSWER -diagnostic procedure that involves instilling contract medium into an artery Isotonic fluids - ANSWER -0.9% NaCl, Ringer's lactate, Dextrose 5% in water Hypotonic fluid - ANSWER -0.45% NaCl Hypertonic fluids - ANSWER -Dextrose 5% in 0.9% NaCl infiltration - ANSWER -IV fluid enters the subq space around site: pain, swelling, blanching, coolness, & leakage Phlebitis - ANSWER -inflammation of a vein caused by irritation of fluids, movement of catheter FVE (fluid volume excess - ANSWER -fluid overload related to rapid infusion of IV fluids Pneumothorax - ANSWER -A collapsed lung due to air leakage into the space between your lung and chest wall tension pneumothorax - ANSWER -a pneumothorax with accumulation of air in the pleural space causing pressure and tension on the heart and vessels. hemothorax - ANSWER -blood collection between your chest wall and your lungs in the pleural cavity hemo-pneumothorax - ANSWER -the condition of having air and blood in the chest cavity pleural effusion - ANSWER -the buildup of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside of the lungs thoracotomy - ANSWER -a surgery to open the chest an incision in the chest wall between your ribs, often to operate on your lungs tracheostomy - ANSWER -surgical opening into the trachea to provide and maintain a patent airway what facilitates calcium absorption - ANSWER -vitamin D what to monitor in pt's on opioids - ANSWER -respiratory depression