INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUT f
IONS MANUAL f
NANCY S. BOUDREAU AND JAY SCHAFFER
f f f f f
ELEMENTARY S TATISTICS : f
PICTURING THE WORLD f f
SIXTH E DITION f
Ron Larson f
Pennsylvania State University
f f
Betsy Farber f
Bucks County Community College
f f f
,CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Chapterf1 IntroductionftofStatistics 1
Chapterf2 DescriptivefStatistics 15
Chapterf3 Probability 103
Chapterf4 DiscretefProbabilityfDistributions 134
Chapterf5 NormalfProbabilityfDistributions 163
Chapterf6 ConfidencefIntervals 212
Chapterf7 HypothesisfTestingfwithfOnefSample 237
Chapterf8 HypothesisfTestingfwithfTwofSamples 281
Chapterf9 CorrelationfandfRegression 322
Chapterf10 Chi-SquarefTestsfandfthefF-Distribution 369
Chapterf11 NonparametricfTests 419
AppendixfA 464
AlternativefPresentationfoffthefStan
dardfNormalfDistribution 465
AppendixfC
NormalfProbabilityfPlotsfandf
TheirfGraphs
Activities 467
CasefStudies 471
UsesfandfAbuses 491
RealfStatistics−RealfDecisions 495
Technology 505
, CHAPTER
Introduction to Statistics
f f
1
1.1fANfOVERVIEWfOFfSTATISTICS
1.1fTryfItfYourselffSolutions
1a.fThefpopulationfconsistsfoffthefpricesfperfgallonfoffregularfgasolinefatfallfgasolinefstationsfinfthefUnite
dfStates.fThefsamplefconsistsfoffthefpricesfperfgallonfoffregularfgasolinefatfthef800fsurveyedfstations.
b.f Thefdatafsetfconsistsfoffthef800fprices.
2a.f Becausefthefnumericalfmeasurefoff$5,150,694fisfbasedfonfthefentirefcollectionfoffemployee’sfsalaries,f
itfisffromfafpopulation.
b.f Becausefthefnumericalfmeasurefisfafcharacteristicfoffafpopulation,fitfisfafparameter.
3a.f Descriptivefstatisticsfinvolvefthefstatementf“31%fsupportftheirfkidsffinanciallyfuntilftheyfgraduatefcol
legefandf6%fprovideffinancialfsupportfuntilftheyfstartfcollege.”
b.fAnfinferencefdrawnffromfthefsurveyfisfthatfafhigherfpercentagefoffparentsfsupportftheirfkidsffinanciall
yfuntilftheyfgraduatefcollege.
1.1 EXERCISEfSOLUTIONS
1. Afsamplefisfafsubsetfoffafpopulation.
2. Itfisfusuallyfimpracticalf(toofexpensivefand/orftimefconsuming)ftofobtainfallfthefpopulationfdata.
3. Afparameterfisfafnumericalfdescriptionfoffafpopulationfcharacteristic.fAfstatisticfisfafnumericalfdes
criptionfoffafsamplefcharacteristic.
4. Theftwofmainfbranchesfoffstatisticsfarefdescriptivefstatisticsfandfinferentialfstatistics.
5. False.fAfstatisticfisfafnumericalfmeasurefthatfdescribesfafsamplefcharacteristic.
6. True
7. True
8. False.fInferentialfstatisticsfinvolvesfusingfafsampleftofdrawfconclusionsfaboutfafpopulation.
9. False.fAfpopulationfisfthefcollectionfoffallfoutcomes,fresponses,fmeasurements,forfcountsfthatfarefoffi
nterest.
10. False.fAfsamplefstatisticfcanfdifferffromfsampleftofsample.
1
, 2 CHAPTERf1f │f INTRODUCTIONfTOfSTATISTICS
11. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefrevenuefoffeachfoffthef30fcompaniesfinfth
efDowfJonesfIndustrialfAverage.
12. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefenergyfcollectedffromfallfthefwindfturb
inesfonfthefwindffarm.
13. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefthefcollectionfoffthef500fspectatorsfisfafsubsetfwithinfthefpop
ulationfoffthefstadium’sf42,000fspectators.
14. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefannualfsalariesfoffallfpharmacistsfatfafphar
macy.
15. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefthefcollectionfoffthef20fpatientsfisfafsubsetfoffthefpopulationfoff100f
patientsfatfthefhospital.
16. ThefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefnumberfofftelevisionsfinfallfU.S.fhou
seholds.
17. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffallfthefgolfers’fscoresfinftheftournament.
18. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefonlyfthefagefoffeveryfthirdfpersonfenteringfthefclothingfstorefisfreco
rded.
19. ThefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffallfthefU.S.fpresidents’fpoliticalfparties.
20. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefthefcollectionfoffthef10fsoilfcontaminationflevelsfisfafsubsetfoffthef
population.
21. Population:fPartiesfoffregisteredfvotersfinfWarrenfCounty
Sample:fPartiesfoffWarrenfCountyfvotersfrespondingftofonlinefsurvey
22. Population:fAllfstudentsfwhofdonatefatfafbloodfdrivefSampl
e:fThefstudentsfwhofdonatefandfhaveftypefO+fblood
23. Population:fAgesfoffadultsfinfthefUnitedfStatesfwhofownfcellfphonesfSample:f
AgesfoffadultsfinfthefUnitedfStatesfwhofownfSamsungfcellfphones
24. Population:fIncomesfoffallfhomeownersfinfTexas
Sample:fIncomesfoffhomeownersfinfTexasfwithfmortgages
25. Population:fCollectionfoffthefresponsesfoffallfadultsfinfthefUnitedfStatesfSa
mple:fCollectionfoffthefresponsesfoffthef1015fU.S.fadultsfsurveyed
26. Population:fCollectionfoffthefheartfrhythmsfoffallfinfantsfinfItaly
Sample:fCollectionfoffthefheartfrhythmsfoffthef33,043finfantsfinfItalyfinfthefstudy
IONS MANUAL f
NANCY S. BOUDREAU AND JAY SCHAFFER
f f f f f
ELEMENTARY S TATISTICS : f
PICTURING THE WORLD f f
SIXTH E DITION f
Ron Larson f
Pennsylvania State University
f f
Betsy Farber f
Bucks County Community College
f f f
,CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Chapterf1 IntroductionftofStatistics 1
Chapterf2 DescriptivefStatistics 15
Chapterf3 Probability 103
Chapterf4 DiscretefProbabilityfDistributions 134
Chapterf5 NormalfProbabilityfDistributions 163
Chapterf6 ConfidencefIntervals 212
Chapterf7 HypothesisfTestingfwithfOnefSample 237
Chapterf8 HypothesisfTestingfwithfTwofSamples 281
Chapterf9 CorrelationfandfRegression 322
Chapterf10 Chi-SquarefTestsfandfthefF-Distribution 369
Chapterf11 NonparametricfTests 419
AppendixfA 464
AlternativefPresentationfoffthefStan
dardfNormalfDistribution 465
AppendixfC
NormalfProbabilityfPlotsfandf
TheirfGraphs
Activities 467
CasefStudies 471
UsesfandfAbuses 491
RealfStatistics−RealfDecisions 495
Technology 505
, CHAPTER
Introduction to Statistics
f f
1
1.1fANfOVERVIEWfOFfSTATISTICS
1.1fTryfItfYourselffSolutions
1a.fThefpopulationfconsistsfoffthefpricesfperfgallonfoffregularfgasolinefatfallfgasolinefstationsfinfthefUnite
dfStates.fThefsamplefconsistsfoffthefpricesfperfgallonfoffregularfgasolinefatfthef800fsurveyedfstations.
b.f Thefdatafsetfconsistsfoffthef800fprices.
2a.f Becausefthefnumericalfmeasurefoff$5,150,694fisfbasedfonfthefentirefcollectionfoffemployee’sfsalaries,f
itfisffromfafpopulation.
b.f Becausefthefnumericalfmeasurefisfafcharacteristicfoffafpopulation,fitfisfafparameter.
3a.f Descriptivefstatisticsfinvolvefthefstatementf“31%fsupportftheirfkidsffinanciallyfuntilftheyfgraduatefcol
legefandf6%fprovideffinancialfsupportfuntilftheyfstartfcollege.”
b.fAnfinferencefdrawnffromfthefsurveyfisfthatfafhigherfpercentagefoffparentsfsupportftheirfkidsffinanciall
yfuntilftheyfgraduatefcollege.
1.1 EXERCISEfSOLUTIONS
1. Afsamplefisfafsubsetfoffafpopulation.
2. Itfisfusuallyfimpracticalf(toofexpensivefand/orftimefconsuming)ftofobtainfallfthefpopulationfdata.
3. Afparameterfisfafnumericalfdescriptionfoffafpopulationfcharacteristic.fAfstatisticfisfafnumericalfdes
criptionfoffafsamplefcharacteristic.
4. Theftwofmainfbranchesfoffstatisticsfarefdescriptivefstatisticsfandfinferentialfstatistics.
5. False.fAfstatisticfisfafnumericalfmeasurefthatfdescribesfafsamplefcharacteristic.
6. True
7. True
8. False.fInferentialfstatisticsfinvolvesfusingfafsampleftofdrawfconclusionsfaboutfafpopulation.
9. False.fAfpopulationfisfthefcollectionfoffallfoutcomes,fresponses,fmeasurements,forfcountsfthatfarefoffi
nterest.
10. False.fAfsamplefstatisticfcanfdifferffromfsampleftofsample.
1
, 2 CHAPTERf1f │f INTRODUCTIONfTOfSTATISTICS
11. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefrevenuefoffeachfoffthef30fcompaniesfinfth
efDowfJonesfIndustrialfAverage.
12. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefenergyfcollectedffromfallfthefwindfturb
inesfonfthefwindffarm.
13. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefthefcollectionfoffthef500fspectatorsfisfafsubsetfwithinfthefpop
ulationfoffthefstadium’sf42,000fspectators.
14. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefannualfsalariesfoffallfpharmacistsfatfafphar
macy.
15. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefthefcollectionfoffthef20fpatientsfisfafsubsetfoffthefpopulationfoff100f
patientsfatfthefhospital.
16. ThefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffthefnumberfofftelevisionsfinfallfU.S.fhou
seholds.
17. Thefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffallfthefgolfers’fscoresfinftheftournament.
18. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefonlyfthefagefoffeveryfthirdfpersonfenteringfthefclothingfstorefisfreco
rded.
19. ThefdatafsetfisfafpopulationfbecausefitfisfafcollectionfoffallfthefU.S.fpresidents’fpoliticalfparties.
20. Thefdatafsetfisfafsamplefbecausefthefcollectionfoffthef10fsoilfcontaminationflevelsfisfafsubsetfoffthef
population.
21. Population:fPartiesfoffregisteredfvotersfinfWarrenfCounty
Sample:fPartiesfoffWarrenfCountyfvotersfrespondingftofonlinefsurvey
22. Population:fAllfstudentsfwhofdonatefatfafbloodfdrivefSampl
e:fThefstudentsfwhofdonatefandfhaveftypefO+fblood
23. Population:fAgesfoffadultsfinfthefUnitedfStatesfwhofownfcellfphonesfSample:f
AgesfoffadultsfinfthefUnitedfStatesfwhofownfSamsungfcellfphones
24. Population:fIncomesfoffallfhomeownersfinfTexas
Sample:fIncomesfoffhomeownersfinfTexasfwithfmortgages
25. Population:fCollectionfoffthefresponsesfoffallfadultsfinfthefUnitedfStatesfSa
mple:fCollectionfoffthefresponsesfoffthef1015fU.S.fadultsfsurveyed
26. Population:fCollectionfoffthefheartfrhythmsfoffallfinfantsfinfItaly
Sample:fCollectionfoffthefheartfrhythmsfoffthef33,043finfantsfinfItalyfinfthefstudy
