1. Which of the following is the most common cause of
respiratory distress in a newborn?
A. Pneumonia
B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
C. Meconium aspiration syndrome
D. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Answer: B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
Rationale: TTN is the most common cause of respiratory distress in
newborns, often due to delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. It
typically resolves within 48-72 hours.
2. A 2-year-old presents with a barking cough and stridor. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bronchiolitis
B. Croup
C. Asthma
D. Epiglottitis
Answer: B. Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, is characterized by
a barking cough and inspiratory stridor due to inflammation of the
upper airway.
3. What is the recommended first-line treatment for Kawasaki
disease?
A. Antibiotics
B. Corticosteroids
C. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin
D. Antihistamines
Answer: C. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin
Rationale: IVIG and aspirin reduce the risk of coronary artery
aneurysms and help control inflammation in Kawasaki disease.
,4. At what age should a child typically double their birth
weight?
A. 2 months
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 months
Answer: C. 6 months
Rationale: A healthy infant usually doubles their birth weight by 6
months and triples it by 12 months.
5. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
A. Hepatitis B
B. Rotavirus
C. Influenza (inactivated)
D. DTaP
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is a live attenuated vaccine and is
contraindicated in immunocompromised children like those with
SCID.
6. The Apgar score assesses all the following except:
A. Heart rate
B. Muscle tone
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory effort
Answer: C. Blood pressure
Rationale: The Apgar score evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort,
muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, but not blood pressure.
, 7. What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
worldwide?
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Salmonella
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in
children, particularly in developing countries.
8. Which congenital heart defect is commonly associated with
Down syndrome?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Answer: C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
Rationale: AVSD is frequently seen in children with Down
syndrome due to abnormal endocardial cushion development.
9. What is the most likely diagnosis in a child with a high fever
followed by a maculopapular rash?
A. Measles
B. Roseola
C. Rubella
D. Fifth disease
Answer: B. Roseola
Rationale: Roseola, caused by human herpesvirus 6, presents with a
high fever that resolves before a rash appears.
respiratory distress in a newborn?
A. Pneumonia
B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
C. Meconium aspiration syndrome
D. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Answer: B. Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
Rationale: TTN is the most common cause of respiratory distress in
newborns, often due to delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid. It
typically resolves within 48-72 hours.
2. A 2-year-old presents with a barking cough and stridor. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bronchiolitis
B. Croup
C. Asthma
D. Epiglottitis
Answer: B. Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, is characterized by
a barking cough and inspiratory stridor due to inflammation of the
upper airway.
3. What is the recommended first-line treatment for Kawasaki
disease?
A. Antibiotics
B. Corticosteroids
C. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin
D. Antihistamines
Answer: C. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin
Rationale: IVIG and aspirin reduce the risk of coronary artery
aneurysms and help control inflammation in Kawasaki disease.
,4. At what age should a child typically double their birth
weight?
A. 2 months
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 months
Answer: C. 6 months
Rationale: A healthy infant usually doubles their birth weight by 6
months and triples it by 12 months.
5. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
A. Hepatitis B
B. Rotavirus
C. Influenza (inactivated)
D. DTaP
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is a live attenuated vaccine and is
contraindicated in immunocompromised children like those with
SCID.
6. The Apgar score assesses all the following except:
A. Heart rate
B. Muscle tone
C. Blood pressure
D. Respiratory effort
Answer: C. Blood pressure
Rationale: The Apgar score evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort,
muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, but not blood pressure.
, 7. What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
worldwide?
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Salmonella
Answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in
children, particularly in developing countries.
8. Which congenital heart defect is commonly associated with
Down syndrome?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Answer: C. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
Rationale: AVSD is frequently seen in children with Down
syndrome due to abnormal endocardial cushion development.
9. What is the most likely diagnosis in a child with a high fever
followed by a maculopapular rash?
A. Measles
B. Roseola
C. Rubella
D. Fifth disease
Answer: B. Roseola
Rationale: Roseola, caused by human herpesvirus 6, presents with a
high fever that resolves before a rash appears.
