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Nectar Vwo 4 Samenvatting H5 en H7

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Nectar Vwo 4 Samenvatting H5 en H7 - erfelijkheid en evolutie. Ik heb een 6.7gehaald voor deze toets door uit deze samenvatting te leren.

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HOOFDSTUK 5: ERFELIJKHEID
5.1 – VERSCHILLEN TUSSEN MENSEN


UNIEK
 Eigenschappen bevinden zich in chromosomen in DNA
 Uiterlijk bepaald door DNA, milieu & levensstijl


FENOTYPE: DOOR OMSTANDIGHEDEN EN GENOTYPE
 Genen – stukjes DNA met code voor eiwit
 Genen + rest DNA + DNA in mitochondriën = Genoom
 Handleiding voor eigenschappen op genen – Genotype (GT)
 Uit zich tot waarneembare eigenschap – Fenotype (FT)
 Sommige eigenschappen beïnvloed door milieu/ levensstijl (Talent heeft training nodig)


CHOLESTEROL
 Cholesterolgehalte te hoog > hartinfarct (moet dus afgevoerd worden) - LDL: slecht, HDL: goed
 Cholesterol via vet voedsel & 80% maakt je lichaam
 Cholesterol verpakt in blaasjes > Opname (Endocytose) door speciale receptoren


VARIATIE
 Deel van genoom is hetzelfde (Hart, longen)
 Door mutaties (veranderingen) > veranderingen in DNA > veranderingen in genotypen > verschillende
varianten van 1 gen – allelen
 Op 1 chromosoom liggen veel verschillende allelen, de combinatie van allelen op 1 chromosoom =
haplotype van dat chromosoom



5.2 – CHROMOSOMEN BEKIJKEN


CHROMOSOMEN PORTRET
 Chromosomenparen zijn gelijk in vorm/ grootte/ plaats centromeer = homologe chromosomen
(behalve XY), onderling verschillen de paren
 Menselijke kern bevat 23 paren = karyotype (man = 46XY, vrouw = 46XX), weergeven in karyogram
(van groot naar klein)
 1e 22 paren = autosomen, 23e paar = geslachtschromosomen
 X-chromosoom is “normaal “, SRY-gen bevat minder genen/ stuurt mannelijke geslachtskenmerken
aan


WAT KARYOGRAMMEN NIET LATEN ZIEN
 Genen alleen zichtbaar door chemische technieken (Niet onder microscoop!!)
 Genmutaties (verandering in gen) niet zichtbaar in Karyogram

Connected book
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Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9789001789374 Edition: 3

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Level
School year
4
Summarized whole book?
No
Which chapters are summarized?
H5 en h7
Uploaded on
May 4, 2020
Number of pages
7
Written in
2019/2020
Type
Summary
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