NUR351: Evidence-Based Practice Test 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When conducting a literature review, it is important to locate relevant studies. One
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bibliographic database that is particularly helpful to nurse researchers is CINAHL.
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True
False - fl fl
True
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
In the process of conducting a literature review, the nurse researcher is using studies written by
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
the researchers who conducted the studies. This type of information source is known as:
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Meta-analysis
Secondary
Primary
Evidence-based - fl fl
Primary
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The primary purpose of the research literature review is: (Select all that apply.)
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A. Develop recommendations for future research
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B. Suggest appropriate research methods
fl fl fl fl
C. Assist in developing the research question
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D. Collect data about the target population
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E. Construct a conceptual framework -
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B, C, E --- Rationale: Literature reviews lay the foundation for new research studies.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
During the process of conducting a literature review, information from peer-reviewed sources
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
serve to inform the researcher about appropriate methods, conceptual frameworks, and
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
research questions.
fl fl
Which type of evidence based on the evidence hierarchy is considered to be the strongest?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Systematic review fl
Single randomized control trial fl fl fl
Expert opinion fl
Qualitative study - fl fl fl
Systematic review
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
One advantage of meta-analysis as an integration is:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Objectivity
Rigor
Complexity
Significance - fl fl
Objectivity
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1|Pa g e
fl fl
,Which database contains a collection of systematic reviews that can be used to answer clinical
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
questions?
fl
MEDLINE
Cochrane Collection Database fl fl
Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
PsycINFO - fl fl
Cochrane Collection Database
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Meta-synthesis is defined as the critical appraisal of what type of research? fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Case study fl
Qualitative
Quantitative
Historical - fl fl
Qualitative
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse locates a meta-analysis study on a clinical topic. When evaluating the research
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question or hypothesis for the individual studies, what characteristic is to be expected?
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A. The research questions and hypotheses should be different across studies.
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B. There should be general similarities between studies' questions and hypotheses.
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C. Some studies may have research questions and other studies have hypotheses
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D. The questions or hypotheses across studies should be essentially identical. -
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D
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The nurse differentiates between types of systematic reviews. Which type includes only
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qualitative studies?
fl fl
Narrative reviews fl
Meta-analysis
Meta-synthesis
Case control reports - fl fl fl fl
Meta-synthesis
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse examines characteristics of systematic reviews. Which quality would always be part
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of systematic reviews?
fl fl fl
A. They reduce sample size to manageable numbers.
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B. They are developed through standard sampling and data procedures.
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C. They allow merging of information from diverse studies into one report.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
D. They incorporate reviews of both research and non-research literature. -
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B
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The nurse determines the strength of evidence for application to practice, based on study
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
design. Rank order these types of reports based on the Hierarchy of Evidence.
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i. Evidence from controlled trials without randomization
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ii. Evidence obtained from well-designed RCTs
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iii. Systematic review of all relevant RCTs
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2|Pa g e
fl fl
,iv. Evidence from single descriptive studies
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v. Evidence from the opinion of experts -
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iii, ii, i, iv, v
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A nurse summarizes the pattern of levels of evidence for practice. Which type of report would
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
likely contain the strongest evidence?
fl fl fl fl fl
Single qualitative study fl fl
Reports by clinical experts fl fl fl
Single randomized controlled trial fl fl fl
Systematic review of quantitative studies - fl fl fl fl fl fl
Systematic review of quantitative studies
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A nurse researcher has defined a clinical problem and is developing a plan for his study. This
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
step in the quantitative research process involves identification of which of the following
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components?
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A. Sample design
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B. Data collection method
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C. Data analysis
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D. Research design
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E. Data collection -
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A, B, D
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After planning his research study, the nurse is ready for the implementation phase. During this
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
step, data will be collected from study participants. Which of the following are considered to
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
be appropriate methods of data collection for quantitative studies?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Narratives
Focus groups fl
Self-reports
Face-to-face interviews - fl fl fl
Self-reports
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
In order for statistical results to be useful to clinicians and researchers, the results must be:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Interpreted
Formatted
Experimental
Conceptual - fl fl
Interpreted
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The level of the researchers experience may be a barrier to implementing a research study.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
False
True - fl fl
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl True
When reviewing a research journal, the nurse is aware that this research method involves
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
collection of numerical data:
fl fl fl fl
3|Pa g e
fl fl
, Systematic
Constructivist
Qualitative
Quantitative - fl fl
Quantitative
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
When selecting a problem for a quantitative study, which are most likely to be used as sources
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
of information? (Select all that apply.)
fl fl fl fl fl fl
A. Clinical practices that result in positive client outcomes
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. Existing nursing theories
fl fl fl
C. Creative questioning about practice
fl fl fl fl
D. Published research studies about topics of interest
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
E. Clinical practices that are outdated -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B, C, D
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The nurse must compensate for barriers that arise when doing research. Which barrier would
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occur during the implementation phase?
fl fl fl fl fl
A. Staff not adequately trained to collect data
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. Lack of researcher skill in interpreting results
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C. Difficulty identifying an available sample
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D. Inadequate resources to complete data analysis -
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A
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When engaging in the implementation phase of research, which action is the nurse likely to
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
take?
fl
Develop a poster to share at a research conference. fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Collect study data. fl fl
Complete the statistical analysis. fl fl fl
Assess the feasibility of the study. - fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Collect study data
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
When engaging in a research study, in what order does the nurse organize the steps of the
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
research process?
fl fl
A. Problem, planning, implementation, dissemination, analysis and interpretation
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. Problem, planning, implementation, analysis and interpretation, dissemination
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
C. Planning, problem, analysis and interpretation, implementation, dissemination
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D. Planning, implementation, analysis and interpretation, dissemination, problem -
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B
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The discussion section of a research study noted several limitations. These limitations indicate
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the study is flawed, and therefore, the results are not meaningful.
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False
True - fl fl
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl False
4|Pa g e fl fl
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When conducting a literature review, it is important to locate relevant studies. One
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
bibliographic database that is particularly helpful to nurse researchers is CINAHL.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
True
False - fl fl
True
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
In the process of conducting a literature review, the nurse researcher is using studies written by
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
the researchers who conducted the studies. This type of information source is known as:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Meta-analysis
Secondary
Primary
Evidence-based - fl fl
Primary
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The primary purpose of the research literature review is: (Select all that apply.)
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A. Develop recommendations for future research
fl fl fl fl fl
B. Suggest appropriate research methods
fl fl fl fl
C. Assist in developing the research question
fl fl fl fl fl fl
D. Collect data about the target population
fl fl fl fl fl fl
E. Construct a conceptual framework -
fl fl fl fl fl fl
B, C, E --- Rationale: Literature reviews lay the foundation for new research studies.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
During the process of conducting a literature review, information from peer-reviewed sources
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
serve to inform the researcher about appropriate methods, conceptual frameworks, and
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
research questions.
fl fl
Which type of evidence based on the evidence hierarchy is considered to be the strongest?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Systematic review fl
Single randomized control trial fl fl fl
Expert opinion fl
Qualitative study - fl fl fl
Systematic review
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
One advantage of meta-analysis as an integration is:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Objectivity
Rigor
Complexity
Significance - fl fl
Objectivity
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
1|Pa g e
fl fl
,Which database contains a collection of systematic reviews that can be used to answer clinical
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
questions?
fl
MEDLINE
Cochrane Collection Database fl fl
Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
PsycINFO - fl fl
Cochrane Collection Database
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Meta-synthesis is defined as the critical appraisal of what type of research? fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Case study fl
Qualitative
Quantitative
Historical - fl fl
Qualitative
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse locates a meta-analysis study on a clinical topic. When evaluating the research
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
question or hypothesis for the individual studies, what characteristic is to be expected?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A. The research questions and hypotheses should be different across studies.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. There should be general similarities between studies' questions and hypotheses.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
C. Some studies may have research questions and other studies have hypotheses
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
D. The questions or hypotheses across studies should be essentially identical. -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
D
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse differentiates between types of systematic reviews. Which type includes only
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
qualitative studies?
fl fl
Narrative reviews fl
Meta-analysis
Meta-synthesis
Case control reports - fl fl fl fl
Meta-synthesis
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse examines characteristics of systematic reviews. Which quality would always be part
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
of systematic reviews?
fl fl fl
A. They reduce sample size to manageable numbers.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. They are developed through standard sampling and data procedures.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
C. They allow merging of information from diverse studies into one report.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
D. They incorporate reviews of both research and non-research literature. -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse determines the strength of evidence for application to practice, based on study
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
design. Rank order these types of reports based on the Hierarchy of Evidence.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
i. Evidence from controlled trials without randomization
fl fl fl fl fl fl
ii. Evidence obtained from well-designed RCTs
fl fl fl fl fl
iii. Systematic review of all relevant RCTs
fl fl fl fl fl fl
2|Pa g e
fl fl
,iv. Evidence from single descriptive studies
fl fl fl fl fl
v. Evidence from the opinion of experts -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
iii, ii, i, iv, v
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A nurse summarizes the pattern of levels of evidence for practice. Which type of report would
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
likely contain the strongest evidence?
fl fl fl fl fl
Single qualitative study fl fl
Reports by clinical experts fl fl fl
Single randomized controlled trial fl fl fl
Systematic review of quantitative studies - fl fl fl fl fl fl
Systematic review of quantitative studies
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A nurse researcher has defined a clinical problem and is developing a plan for his study. This
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
step in the quantitative research process involves identification of which of the following
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
components?
fl
A. Sample design
fl fl
B. Data collection method
fl fl fl
C. Data analysis
fl fl
D. Research design
fl fl
E. Data collection -
fl fl fl fl
A, B, D
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
After planning his research study, the nurse is ready for the implementation phase. During this
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
step, data will be collected from study participants. Which of the following are considered to
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
be appropriate methods of data collection for quantitative studies?
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Narratives
Focus groups fl
Self-reports
Face-to-face interviews - fl fl fl
Self-reports
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
In order for statistical results to be useful to clinicians and researchers, the results must be:
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Interpreted
Formatted
Experimental
Conceptual - fl fl
Interpreted
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The level of the researchers experience may be a barrier to implementing a research study.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
False
True - fl fl
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl True
When reviewing a research journal, the nurse is aware that this research method involves
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
collection of numerical data:
fl fl fl fl
3|Pa g e
fl fl
, Systematic
Constructivist
Qualitative
Quantitative - fl fl
Quantitative
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
When selecting a problem for a quantitative study, which are most likely to be used as sources
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
of information? (Select all that apply.)
fl fl fl fl fl fl
A. Clinical practices that result in positive client outcomes
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. Existing nursing theories
fl fl fl
C. Creative questioning about practice
fl fl fl fl
D. Published research studies about topics of interest
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
E. Clinical practices that are outdated -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B, C, D
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The nurse must compensate for barriers that arise when doing research. Which barrier would
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
occur during the implementation phase?
fl fl fl fl fl
A. Staff not adequately trained to collect data
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. Lack of researcher skill in interpreting results
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
C. Difficulty identifying an available sample
fl fl fl fl fl
D. Inadequate resources to complete data analysis -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
A
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
When engaging in the implementation phase of research, which action is the nurse likely to
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
take?
fl
Develop a poster to share at a research conference. fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Collect study data. fl fl
Complete the statistical analysis. fl fl fl
Assess the feasibility of the study. - fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
Collect study data
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
When engaging in a research study, in what order does the nurse organize the steps of the
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
research process?
fl fl
A. Problem, planning, implementation, dissemination, analysis and interpretation
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B. Problem, planning, implementation, analysis and interpretation, dissemination
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
C. Planning, problem, analysis and interpretation, implementation, dissemination
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
D. Planning, implementation, analysis and interpretation, dissemination, problem -
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
B
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
The discussion section of a research study noted several limitations. These limitations indicate
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
the study is flawed, and therefore, the results are not meaningful.
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
False
True - fl fl
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl False
4|Pa g e fl fl
