CPHON Review UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Where does childhood cancer rank in causes of death from disease in US children? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Childhood cancer is the #1 cause of death from disease in US children
What is the most common malignancy in children? - CORRECT ANSWER - Leukemia:
ALL is the most common leukemia
What is the most common solid tumor in kids? - CORRECT ANSWER - CNS tumors
Name 6 solid tumors only seen in the pediatric population. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Neuroblastoma
Wilms
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Is the overall incidence of childhood cancer higher in boys or girls? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Boys
What are 4 results of mutations associated with cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lack of
differentiation
Loss of contact inhibition
Unregulated growth
Cellular immortality
What is leukemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Disorder of the blood and blood-forming
organs. (bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes)
,What is the diagnosis of leukemia dependent on? - CORRECT ANSWER - Morphology
Immunophenotyping
Cytogenetics
Clinical features
Identify 7 genetic associations with leukemia. - CORRECT ANSWER - Trisomy 21
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Bloom syndrome
Fanconi anemia
Acquired aplastic anemia
Twin with leukemia
Identify 3 environmental exposures associated with leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
Drugs/chemicals
Ionizing radiation
Prenatal substance exposure (cigarette, drugs, alcohol)
What is the clinical presentation of ALL? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatosplenomegaly
CNS disease
Lymphadenopathy
Petechiae
Abnormal CBC
History of frequent URIs
,Painless testicular swelling
What is the clinical presentation of AML? - CORRECT ANSWER - Abnormal CBC
Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Pallor
Anorexia/weight loss
Weakness/fatigue
Recurrent infections
GI pain, nausea, vomiting
Gingival hypertrophy
Chloromas or subcutaneous nodules
What is the clinical presentation of CML? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bruising, petechiae,
epistaxis
Fatigue
Pallor
Anemia
Weight loss
Malaise
Irritability
What diagnostic tests and imaging are done to determine the classification of leukemia? -
CORRECT ANSWER - H&P
CXR
CT
Labs
Bone marrow aspiration
Lumbar puncture
, What specific labs are obtained prior to the start of treatment for leukemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - CBC
LFT
Renal Function
What are the subtypes of ALL? - CORRECT ANSWER - B-cell
T-cell
Mature B-cell (burkitt)
Which subtype of ALL is the most common type? - CORRECT ANSWER - B-cell. It is
commonly seen in preschoolers
Which subtype of ALL is more commonly seen in adolescent males and is associated with high
WBC and mediastinal mass? - CORRECT ANSWER - T-cell
Which subtype of ALL tends to respond poorly to standard ALL therapy? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mature B-cell (Burkitt)
What factors are associated with a favorable prognosis of ALL? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Age 2-10 years old
Leukocyte count <50,000
Cytogenetics-hyperdiploidy trisomies 4 & 10, and translocations t(12;21) (p21:22)
Immunology - CALLA positive
What is the overall survival and relapse rate of AML? - CORRECT ANSWER - Survival
rate: 45-60%
Relapse rate: 50%
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Where does childhood cancer rank in causes of death from disease in US children? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Childhood cancer is the #1 cause of death from disease in US children
What is the most common malignancy in children? - CORRECT ANSWER - Leukemia:
ALL is the most common leukemia
What is the most common solid tumor in kids? - CORRECT ANSWER - CNS tumors
Name 6 solid tumors only seen in the pediatric population. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Neuroblastoma
Wilms
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Is the overall incidence of childhood cancer higher in boys or girls? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Boys
What are 4 results of mutations associated with cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lack of
differentiation
Loss of contact inhibition
Unregulated growth
Cellular immortality
What is leukemia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Disorder of the blood and blood-forming
organs. (bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes)
,What is the diagnosis of leukemia dependent on? - CORRECT ANSWER - Morphology
Immunophenotyping
Cytogenetics
Clinical features
Identify 7 genetic associations with leukemia. - CORRECT ANSWER - Trisomy 21
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Bloom syndrome
Fanconi anemia
Acquired aplastic anemia
Twin with leukemia
Identify 3 environmental exposures associated with leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
Drugs/chemicals
Ionizing radiation
Prenatal substance exposure (cigarette, drugs, alcohol)
What is the clinical presentation of ALL? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatosplenomegaly
CNS disease
Lymphadenopathy
Petechiae
Abnormal CBC
History of frequent URIs
,Painless testicular swelling
What is the clinical presentation of AML? - CORRECT ANSWER - Abnormal CBC
Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Pallor
Anorexia/weight loss
Weakness/fatigue
Recurrent infections
GI pain, nausea, vomiting
Gingival hypertrophy
Chloromas or subcutaneous nodules
What is the clinical presentation of CML? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bruising, petechiae,
epistaxis
Fatigue
Pallor
Anemia
Weight loss
Malaise
Irritability
What diagnostic tests and imaging are done to determine the classification of leukemia? -
CORRECT ANSWER - H&P
CXR
CT
Labs
Bone marrow aspiration
Lumbar puncture
, What specific labs are obtained prior to the start of treatment for leukemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - CBC
LFT
Renal Function
What are the subtypes of ALL? - CORRECT ANSWER - B-cell
T-cell
Mature B-cell (burkitt)
Which subtype of ALL is the most common type? - CORRECT ANSWER - B-cell. It is
commonly seen in preschoolers
Which subtype of ALL is more commonly seen in adolescent males and is associated with high
WBC and mediastinal mass? - CORRECT ANSWER - T-cell
Which subtype of ALL tends to respond poorly to standard ALL therapy? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mature B-cell (Burkitt)
What factors are associated with a favorable prognosis of ALL? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Age 2-10 years old
Leukocyte count <50,000
Cytogenetics-hyperdiploidy trisomies 4 & 10, and translocations t(12;21) (p21:22)
Immunology - CALLA positive
What is the overall survival and relapse rate of AML? - CORRECT ANSWER - Survival
rate: 45-60%
Relapse rate: 50%
