BIO 123 exam 2025 with 100% quality
answers
The kidneys function to maintain homeostasis by - correct answers ✔✔activating vitamin D, contributing
to blood pressure regulation, controlling salt balance in body fluids, regulating blood volume
The capillaries that serve as the major blood supply to the kidneys are called - correct answers ✔✔the
glomerulus
Protein metabolism in the human body generates ammonia, which is toxic to our cells. To compensate,
ammonia is usually covered to a less toxic substance known as - correct answers ✔✔urea
When urine leaves the kidney, it enters the - correct answers ✔✔ureter
Urine formation initiates with glomerular filtration, a process that relies on filtering large quantities of
protein free plasma into the Bowman's capsule by - correct answers ✔✔passive diffusion through
porous capillaries
The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the - correct answers ✔✔peritubular
capillaries
AS urine moves through a nephron, it is modified by ions, water and other materials either being
secreted into the fluid or by efflux of substances out of the urine. However, such modifications do not
occur in this region of the nephron. - correct answers ✔✔Bowmans capsule
Active transport of sodium out of tubular cells - correct answers ✔✔decreases the intracellular
concentration of sodium, setting up a driving force for facilitated diffusion of sodium unto the cell,
increase osmotic concentration in the tubular cell, triggers the movement of chloride ion toward the
positively charged sodium ions, facilitated bulk movement of water toward the increased ion
concentration
,An individual has been diagnosed with persistent proteinuria. This condition is due to damage in which
region of the nephron? - correct answers ✔✔glomerular capsule
Water and nutrients that have been filtered from the globular filtrate are returned to circulation as they
enter the - correct answers ✔✔vasa recta and peritubular capillaries
The hairpin design of the loop on Henle allows events on one side of the loop to influence the events on
the other side, by a process referred to as - correct answers ✔✔countercurrent exchange
Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on - correct answers ✔✔active
transport
Urination depends on - correct answers ✔✔neural micturition reflex
The hormone ADH - correct answers ✔✔causes the cells of the collecting duct to be more permeable to
water
Renin is secreted by the - correct answers ✔✔juxtaglomerular apparatus
Minerals that crystallize in the renal pelvis are referred to as - correct answers ✔✔kidney stones
Alderstone is secreted in response to changes in - correct answers ✔✔blood pressure
Given the following events involved in the regulation of blood volume, which of the following answers
best represents the order in which these events occurs?
1. Sodium reabsorbed from distal tubules and collecting ducts
2. Secretion of renin from juxtaglomular apparatus
3. Secretion of aldosterone
4. decrease in blood volume
5. Production of angiotensin II - correct answers ✔✔4,2,5,3,1
,Alcohol is a diuretic. Why? - correct answers ✔✔is prevents the release of ADH
Which of the following is true regarding erythropoietin? - correct answers ✔✔stimulates the production
of red blood cells in bone marrow
The adrenal cortex is stimulated to secrete aldosterone by - correct answers ✔✔angiotensin I
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the ____ before being drained from the kidney by the ____ and
transported to the _____. - correct answers ✔✔renal pelvis...ureter...urinary bladder
The ___ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - correct answers ✔✔renal
arteries
The outer part of the kidney is the ____. - correct answers ✔✔cortex
Which of these is the functional unit of a kidney? - correct answers ✔✔nephron
The major nitrogenous waste product in urine is uric acid. - correct answers ✔✔false
Blood containing metabolic waste is transported to the kidney by the renal vein; the renal artery
removes blood from the kidney once the waste has been removed. - correct answers ✔✔false
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. - correct answers ✔✔true
Osmotic concentration in the loop of Henle increases as NaCl as water moves out. - correct answers
✔✔true
Impairments of the kidney that are considered short term and possibly can be overcome by medication
or other treatments are called chronic renal failure. - correct answers ✔✔false
, Chloride ions passively follow sodium that has been actively transported out of tubular cells, due to the
attraction of negatively charged ions to positively charged ions. - correct answers ✔✔true
Renin stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. - correct answers ✔✔false
The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and the external urethral sphincter is
composed of skeletal muscle; together, the control the process of urination. - correct answers ✔✔true
Not only are the kidneys considered organs of excretion, but they have an endocrine function as well as
an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis through the regulation of ion concentration. -
correct answers ✔✔false
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis involves the circulation of patients blood through an artificial
kidney machine in order to remove metabolic waste and excess ions; this procedure can now be done in
the home. - correct answers ✔✔false
The movement of substance out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _______.
- correct answers ✔✔filtration
The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as ____. - correct
answers ✔✔secretion
Which of these is reabsorbed from filtrate? - correct answers ✔✔sodium chloride, glucose, water, amino
acids
As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated
than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate. - correct answers ✔✔more...water
The most abundant solute in urine is ____. - correct answers ✔✔urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)
Glucose is removed from filtrate by _____. - correct answers ✔✔active transport
answers
The kidneys function to maintain homeostasis by - correct answers ✔✔activating vitamin D, contributing
to blood pressure regulation, controlling salt balance in body fluids, regulating blood volume
The capillaries that serve as the major blood supply to the kidneys are called - correct answers ✔✔the
glomerulus
Protein metabolism in the human body generates ammonia, which is toxic to our cells. To compensate,
ammonia is usually covered to a less toxic substance known as - correct answers ✔✔urea
When urine leaves the kidney, it enters the - correct answers ✔✔ureter
Urine formation initiates with glomerular filtration, a process that relies on filtering large quantities of
protein free plasma into the Bowman's capsule by - correct answers ✔✔passive diffusion through
porous capillaries
The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the - correct answers ✔✔peritubular
capillaries
AS urine moves through a nephron, it is modified by ions, water and other materials either being
secreted into the fluid or by efflux of substances out of the urine. However, such modifications do not
occur in this region of the nephron. - correct answers ✔✔Bowmans capsule
Active transport of sodium out of tubular cells - correct answers ✔✔decreases the intracellular
concentration of sodium, setting up a driving force for facilitated diffusion of sodium unto the cell,
increase osmotic concentration in the tubular cell, triggers the movement of chloride ion toward the
positively charged sodium ions, facilitated bulk movement of water toward the increased ion
concentration
,An individual has been diagnosed with persistent proteinuria. This condition is due to damage in which
region of the nephron? - correct answers ✔✔glomerular capsule
Water and nutrients that have been filtered from the globular filtrate are returned to circulation as they
enter the - correct answers ✔✔vasa recta and peritubular capillaries
The hairpin design of the loop on Henle allows events on one side of the loop to influence the events on
the other side, by a process referred to as - correct answers ✔✔countercurrent exchange
Movement of sodium across the cells of the collecting duct relies on - correct answers ✔✔active
transport
Urination depends on - correct answers ✔✔neural micturition reflex
The hormone ADH - correct answers ✔✔causes the cells of the collecting duct to be more permeable to
water
Renin is secreted by the - correct answers ✔✔juxtaglomerular apparatus
Minerals that crystallize in the renal pelvis are referred to as - correct answers ✔✔kidney stones
Alderstone is secreted in response to changes in - correct answers ✔✔blood pressure
Given the following events involved in the regulation of blood volume, which of the following answers
best represents the order in which these events occurs?
1. Sodium reabsorbed from distal tubules and collecting ducts
2. Secretion of renin from juxtaglomular apparatus
3. Secretion of aldosterone
4. decrease in blood volume
5. Production of angiotensin II - correct answers ✔✔4,2,5,3,1
,Alcohol is a diuretic. Why? - correct answers ✔✔is prevents the release of ADH
Which of the following is true regarding erythropoietin? - correct answers ✔✔stimulates the production
of red blood cells in bone marrow
The adrenal cortex is stimulated to secrete aldosterone by - correct answers ✔✔angiotensin I
Urine formed by a kidney collects in the ____ before being drained from the kidney by the ____ and
transported to the _____. - correct answers ✔✔renal pelvis...ureter...urinary bladder
The ___ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys. - correct answers ✔✔renal
arteries
The outer part of the kidney is the ____. - correct answers ✔✔cortex
Which of these is the functional unit of a kidney? - correct answers ✔✔nephron
The major nitrogenous waste product in urine is uric acid. - correct answers ✔✔false
Blood containing metabolic waste is transported to the kidney by the renal vein; the renal artery
removes blood from the kidney once the waste has been removed. - correct answers ✔✔false
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. - correct answers ✔✔true
Osmotic concentration in the loop of Henle increases as NaCl as water moves out. - correct answers
✔✔true
Impairments of the kidney that are considered short term and possibly can be overcome by medication
or other treatments are called chronic renal failure. - correct answers ✔✔false
, Chloride ions passively follow sodium that has been actively transported out of tubular cells, due to the
attraction of negatively charged ions to positively charged ions. - correct answers ✔✔true
Renin stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. - correct answers ✔✔false
The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and the external urethral sphincter is
composed of skeletal muscle; together, the control the process of urination. - correct answers ✔✔true
Not only are the kidneys considered organs of excretion, but they have an endocrine function as well as
an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis through the regulation of ion concentration. -
correct answers ✔✔false
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis involves the circulation of patients blood through an artificial
kidney machine in order to remove metabolic waste and excess ions; this procedure can now be done in
the home. - correct answers ✔✔false
The movement of substance out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _______.
- correct answers ✔✔filtration
The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as ____. - correct
answers ✔✔secretion
Which of these is reabsorbed from filtrate? - correct answers ✔✔sodium chloride, glucose, water, amino
acids
As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated
than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate. - correct answers ✔✔more...water
The most abundant solute in urine is ____. - correct answers ✔✔urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)
Glucose is removed from filtrate by _____. - correct answers ✔✔active transport
