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Summary Biology Digestion TTO - Havo 2.

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Summary about the digestion chapter in the TTO book for biology. It is a good and long summary checked by old teachers. This summary also contains explanatory pictures that provide extra help with the explanation.

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Uploaded on
January 14, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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Products that you eat or drink are foodstuffs. Animal foodstuffs is when you eat an animal or
it is made by an animal. Vegetable foodstuffs are foods that are made of plants.


In food you have nutrients. Nutrients are substances that you need for energy, growth and
recovery. Nutrients have 4 different functions.
 Fuel
 Building material
 Reserves
 Protection


Fuels give energy. All your organs needs energy to function so those fuels are very
important. Energy is needed for:
 Body tempature, to make sure your body has the correct tempature
 Growth
 Development
 Repairs to your body
Building materials are the building blocks needed to make your body grow, develop, repair
wounds and other damages made to your body. Your body needs energy to help create new
cells and tissues.
Reserves are not immediatly needed as building materials or fuels. They can be stored in
your body.
Protective substances make sure you do not get sick. Examples are minerals and vitamins.
Respiration takes places in every single cell of your body. This is a form of combustion that
needs fuel to supply energy.




There are 6 different groups of nutrients that are needed if you want to stay healthy, those
nutrients are: Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, water, minerals and vitamins.

, - Proteins are important building blocks for your body. You need proteins for your
cytoplasm and if you want to build muscle.
- Carbohydrates include sugars, starch and glycogen. Carbohydrates are used as fuel,
but your body can also use them as building blocks.
- Fats are mostly used as fuel, but also can be used as building materials or as reserves.
- Your body is 60% made out of water. Therefore is water an important building
material for your body. Water is needed for transporting substances inside of your
body.
- Minerals are often also seen as salts. Examples of minerals are calcium, sodium,
magnesium and iron. Minerals are seen as a protective substance that you need if
you want to be healthy.
- Vitamins are used as building materials and for protection. If you don’t eat enough
vitamins you will become ill.


Dietary fibre is a collective name for vegetable materials that your body cannot digest. Fibre
is one of the carbohydrates and it comes from the cell wall of plants. It helps you feel full.
Dietary fibre is needed for proper intestinal functioning.
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