©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Timby Ch. 47 Caring for Clients with
Disorders of the liver, gallbladder, or
pancreas. Exam Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+)
How many lobes does the liver have? - Answer✔Four
Liver - Answer✔Receives arterial blood from the hepatic artery
What makes up the common bile duct? - Answer✔Hepatic duct and the cystic duct
Common bile duct - Answer✔Empties into the small intestine (duodenum)
Sphincter of Oddi - Answer✔Controls the amount of bile into the small intestine (duodenum)
Changes of the liver with aging - Answer✔Decreased organ weight, blood flow, and size and
number of hepatocytes; increase in fibrous tissue; and changes in metabolism of medications
Jaundice - Answer✔greenish-yellow staining of tissues by bilirubin
What causes jaundice? - Answer✔Abnormally high concentration of the pigment bilirubin in the
blood
Functions of the liver - Answer✔Metabolizes glucose; regulates blood glucose concentration;
converts glucose to glycogen to maintain normal glucose levels; synthesizes amino acids from
the breakdown of protein or lactate that muscles produce during exercise to form glucose;
converts ammonia into urea; metabolizes proteins and fats; stores vitamins A, B12, D, and some
B complex as well as iron and copper; metabolizes drugs, chemicals, bacteria, and other foreign
elements; forms and excretes bile; excretes bilirubin; synthesizes factors needed for blood
coagulation
Bilirubin - Answer✔Produced in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Results from hemoglobin
metabolism and is Abby product of hemolysis (RBC destruction)
Serum bilirubin leaves increase when: - Answer✔There's excessive destruction of RBCs, or the
liver cannot excrete bilirubin normally
2 forms of bilirubin - Answer✔Indirect or unconjugated & direct or conjugated
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, ©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Indirect or unconjugated bilirubin - Answer✔Binds with protein as it circulates in the blood.
Normally circulates in the blood when it's elevated
Direct or conjugated bilirubin - Answer✔Circulates freely in the blood until reaching the liver.
It's excreted in the bile
Test for indirect bilirubin levels - Answer✔No direct test. They're calculated by subtracting
direct bilirubin levels from total bilirubin levels
3 forms of jaundince - Answer✔Hemolytic, hepatocellular, and obstructive
Hemolytic jaundice - Answer✔Caused by excess destruction of RBCs
Hepatocellular jaundice - Answer✔Caused by liver disease (damaged liver cells cannot clear
normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood)
Obstructive jaundice - Answer✔Caused by a block in the passage of bile between the liver and
intestinal tract
Cirrhosis - Answer✔Chronic, degenerative liver disorder caused by generalized cellular damage
What happens when bile drains into the intestine? - Answer✔Client experiences malabsorption
and an inability to absorb fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
Complications of advanced cirrhosis - Answer✔Portal Hypertension, esophageal varices, ascites,
and hepatic encephalopathy
3 types of cirrhosis - Answer✔Alcoholic, postnecrotic, and biliary
Alcoholic cirrhosis - Answer✔Most common type of cirrhosis, results from chronic alcohol
intake and is frequently associated with poor nutrition. It can also follow chronic poisoning with
certain chemicals or ingestion of hepatotoxic drugs. Characterized by necrotic liver cells, which
are gradually replaced by scar tissue.
Postnecrotic cirrhosis - Answer✔Results from destruction of liver cells secondary to infection,
metabolic liver disease, or exposure to hepatotoxins or industrial chemicals
Biliary cirrhosis - Answer✔Scarring occurs around the bile ducts in the liver. Usually related to
chronic biliary obstruction and infection. Progressive autoimmune disease of the liver.
Compensated cirrhosis - Answer✔Less severe sign of cirrhosis. Symptoms are more vague. As
the disease progresses, it's referred to as decompensated cirrhosis
Signs and symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis - Answer✔They're very pronounced and
indicate liver failure.
Symptoms of cirrhosis - Answer✔Chronic fatigue, anorexia, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea or constipation, with accompanying weight loss. Many clients report clay colored or
whitish stools as a result of no bile in the GI tract. May also report dark or "tea colored" urine
from increased concentrations of urobilin. The abdomen may appear distended. Skin, sclera, or
oral mucous membranes are jaundiced.
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Timby Ch. 47 Caring for Clients with
Disorders of the liver, gallbladder, or
pancreas. Exam Questions And Answers
(Guaranteed A+)
How many lobes does the liver have? - Answer✔Four
Liver - Answer✔Receives arterial blood from the hepatic artery
What makes up the common bile duct? - Answer✔Hepatic duct and the cystic duct
Common bile duct - Answer✔Empties into the small intestine (duodenum)
Sphincter of Oddi - Answer✔Controls the amount of bile into the small intestine (duodenum)
Changes of the liver with aging - Answer✔Decreased organ weight, blood flow, and size and
number of hepatocytes; increase in fibrous tissue; and changes in metabolism of medications
Jaundice - Answer✔greenish-yellow staining of tissues by bilirubin
What causes jaundice? - Answer✔Abnormally high concentration of the pigment bilirubin in the
blood
Functions of the liver - Answer✔Metabolizes glucose; regulates blood glucose concentration;
converts glucose to glycogen to maintain normal glucose levels; synthesizes amino acids from
the breakdown of protein or lactate that muscles produce during exercise to form glucose;
converts ammonia into urea; metabolizes proteins and fats; stores vitamins A, B12, D, and some
B complex as well as iron and copper; metabolizes drugs, chemicals, bacteria, and other foreign
elements; forms and excretes bile; excretes bilirubin; synthesizes factors needed for blood
coagulation
Bilirubin - Answer✔Produced in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Results from hemoglobin
metabolism and is Abby product of hemolysis (RBC destruction)
Serum bilirubin leaves increase when: - Answer✔There's excessive destruction of RBCs, or the
liver cannot excrete bilirubin normally
2 forms of bilirubin - Answer✔Indirect or unconjugated & direct or conjugated
1|Page
, ©EVERLY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Indirect or unconjugated bilirubin - Answer✔Binds with protein as it circulates in the blood.
Normally circulates in the blood when it's elevated
Direct or conjugated bilirubin - Answer✔Circulates freely in the blood until reaching the liver.
It's excreted in the bile
Test for indirect bilirubin levels - Answer✔No direct test. They're calculated by subtracting
direct bilirubin levels from total bilirubin levels
3 forms of jaundince - Answer✔Hemolytic, hepatocellular, and obstructive
Hemolytic jaundice - Answer✔Caused by excess destruction of RBCs
Hepatocellular jaundice - Answer✔Caused by liver disease (damaged liver cells cannot clear
normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood)
Obstructive jaundice - Answer✔Caused by a block in the passage of bile between the liver and
intestinal tract
Cirrhosis - Answer✔Chronic, degenerative liver disorder caused by generalized cellular damage
What happens when bile drains into the intestine? - Answer✔Client experiences malabsorption
and an inability to absorb fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
Complications of advanced cirrhosis - Answer✔Portal Hypertension, esophageal varices, ascites,
and hepatic encephalopathy
3 types of cirrhosis - Answer✔Alcoholic, postnecrotic, and biliary
Alcoholic cirrhosis - Answer✔Most common type of cirrhosis, results from chronic alcohol
intake and is frequently associated with poor nutrition. It can also follow chronic poisoning with
certain chemicals or ingestion of hepatotoxic drugs. Characterized by necrotic liver cells, which
are gradually replaced by scar tissue.
Postnecrotic cirrhosis - Answer✔Results from destruction of liver cells secondary to infection,
metabolic liver disease, or exposure to hepatotoxins or industrial chemicals
Biliary cirrhosis - Answer✔Scarring occurs around the bile ducts in the liver. Usually related to
chronic biliary obstruction and infection. Progressive autoimmune disease of the liver.
Compensated cirrhosis - Answer✔Less severe sign of cirrhosis. Symptoms are more vague. As
the disease progresses, it's referred to as decompensated cirrhosis
Signs and symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis - Answer✔They're very pronounced and
indicate liver failure.
Symptoms of cirrhosis - Answer✔Chronic fatigue, anorexia, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea or constipation, with accompanying weight loss. Many clients report clay colored or
whitish stools as a result of no bile in the GI tract. May also report dark or "tea colored" urine
from increased concentrations of urobilin. The abdomen may appear distended. Skin, sclera, or
oral mucous membranes are jaundiced.
2|Page
