A Level PE - Heart Rate Regulation Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+

A Level PE - Heart Rate Regulation Questions and Answers Latest Update Graded A+ How does the autonomic nervous system regulate heart rate during exercise? The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate through the sympathetic nervous system (increasing heart rate) and the parasympathetic nervous system (decreasing heart rate). What happens to heart rate during physical activity? During physical activity, the heart rate increases to supply muscles with more oxygen and nutrients required for energy production. How does the body adjust heart rate during rest? At rest, the parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart rate to conserve energy and allow recovery. What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in heart rate regulation? The SA node acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses that regulate the heart rate. 2 How does the vagus nerve influence heart rate? The vagus nerve, part of the parasympathetic nervous system, slows the heart rate by releasing acetylcholine to decrease the rate of impulses from the SA node. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on heart rate? The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate by releasing adrenaline, which stimulates the SA node to increase the pace of electrical impulses. Why does heart rate increase with the onset of exercise? Heart rate increases with exercise to meet the demand for more oxygen and nutrients in the working muscles. What is the role of the baroreceptors in heart rate regulation? Baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to adjust heart rate to maintain blood pressure within a normal range. How does heart rate recovery after exercise indicate fitness levels? A faster heart rate recovery after exercise typically indicates a higher level of cardiovascular fitness, as the heart is able to return to its resting rate more quickly. 3 What is the relationship between stroke volume and heart rate during exercise? During exercise, stroke volume increases to improve cardiac output, which may reduce the need for a very high heart rate to meet oxygen demands. How does the heart rate change during different exercise intensities? As exercise intensity increases, heart rate increases to supply more oxygen and nutrients to muscles, reaching a maximum rate during intense exercise. What is the effect of long-term aerobic training on heart rate? Long-term aerobic training leads to a lower resting heart rate and improved heart rate recovery due to the heart’s increased efficiency. How does heart rate vary between aerobic and anaerobic exercise? Heart rate typically increases more rapidly during anaerobic exercise due to the higher intensity and reliance on the anaerobic energy systems. What is a normal resting heart rate for an average adult? A normal resting heart rate for an adult is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute.