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Samenvatting - Algemene scheikunde les 2: Moleculen en ionen

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Samenvatting omvat: Mol en molecuulmassa Formules Elektroneutraliteit Procentuele samenstelling (verwijzing naar cursus van prof Van der Voort) Stoichiometrie Oplossingen (verwijzing naar cursus van prof Van der Voort) Concentratie en concentratiebepalingen

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January 12, 2025
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Moleculen en ionen

1. Mol en molecuulmassa
1)​ Relatieve molecuulmassa
𝑎𝑏𝑠. 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑣𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
RMM = 24
1,66054 . 10 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚


2)​ Mol
●​ getal van Avogadro
𝑁
N = 6,022.1023 (NA = 𝑛
met NA = getal v A. en N = # deeltjes)
𝑁
●​ n = 𝑀


2. Formules
●​ Minimale formule = empirische formule
○​ bv: CH
●​ Molecuulformule
○​ bv: C6H6
●​ Structuurformule
○​ pg 33

3. Elektroneutraliteit
→ deze wet heerst in alle materie: som van pos ladingen = som negatieve ladingen

4. Procentuele samenstelling
Voorbeelden: zie pg 33-34 !

5. Stoichiometrie
●​ Uitgangsproducten of reagentia = producten die deelnemen waarvan verbinding w
verbroken (links vd pijl)
●​ Eindproducten = nieuw gevormde producten (rechts)
●​ Reactie loopt volledig af: →
Reactie in evenwicht:
●​ Voorgetallen
●​ (aq) = waterige opls, (g) = gasvormig, (vl) = vloeibaar, (v) = vast

●​ Bewerkingen en toepassingen (zie monitoraat, boek etc)
●​ Beperkt reagens
𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑡
●​ Procentueel rendement = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑡 * 100


6. Oplossingen
zie boek pg 39-40
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