1. Which of the following is a primary action of beta-blockers?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease heart rate
C) Increase blood pressure
D) Decrease blood pressure
Answer: B) Decrease heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers primarily block the effects of epinephrine on beta receptors, leading to
a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure.
2. What is the most common side effect of opioid analgesics?
A) Drowsiness
B) Diarrhea
C) Constipation
D) Nausea
Answer: C) Constipation
Rationale: Opioids slow down gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation as the most
common side effect.
3. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Tachycardia
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels by inhibiting aldosterone secretion,
which decreases potassium excretion.
4. A patient on warfarin therapy should avoid consuming which of the following
foods?
A) Leafy green vegetables
B) Apples
, C) Bananas
D) Potatoes
Answer: A) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables contain vitamin K, which can reduce the effectiveness of
warfarin, an anticoagulant.
5. What is the primary use of atropine in clinical practice?
A) To treat bradycardia
B) To treat hypertension
C) To increase urine output
D) To induce sleep
Answer: A) To treat bradycardia
Rationale: Atropine is an anticholinergic agent used to increase heart rate in cases of
bradycardia.
6. Which class of drugs is commonly prescribed for the management of type 2
diabetes mellitus?
A) Proton pump inhibitors
B) Biguanides
C) Thiazide diuretics
D) Antihistamines
Answer: B) Biguanides
Rationale: Metformin, a biguanide, is a first-line medication for managing type 2 diabetes due to
its ability to decrease hepatic glucose production.
7. Which of the following is the primary action of calcium channel blockers?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Dilate blood vessels
C) Increase blood pressure
D) Decrease blood sugar
Answer: B) Dilate blood vessels
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers work by inhibiting calcium ion entry into smooth muscle
cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
A) Increase heart rate
B) Decrease heart rate
C) Increase blood pressure
D) Decrease blood pressure
Answer: B) Decrease heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers primarily block the effects of epinephrine on beta receptors, leading to
a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure.
2. What is the most common side effect of opioid analgesics?
A) Drowsiness
B) Diarrhea
C) Constipation
D) Nausea
Answer: C) Constipation
Rationale: Opioids slow down gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation as the most
common side effect.
3. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Tachycardia
D) Hypokalemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels by inhibiting aldosterone secretion,
which decreases potassium excretion.
4. A patient on warfarin therapy should avoid consuming which of the following
foods?
A) Leafy green vegetables
B) Apples
, C) Bananas
D) Potatoes
Answer: A) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables contain vitamin K, which can reduce the effectiveness of
warfarin, an anticoagulant.
5. What is the primary use of atropine in clinical practice?
A) To treat bradycardia
B) To treat hypertension
C) To increase urine output
D) To induce sleep
Answer: A) To treat bradycardia
Rationale: Atropine is an anticholinergic agent used to increase heart rate in cases of
bradycardia.
6. Which class of drugs is commonly prescribed for the management of type 2
diabetes mellitus?
A) Proton pump inhibitors
B) Biguanides
C) Thiazide diuretics
D) Antihistamines
Answer: B) Biguanides
Rationale: Metformin, a biguanide, is a first-line medication for managing type 2 diabetes due to
its ability to decrease hepatic glucose production.
7. Which of the following is the primary action of calcium channel blockers?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Dilate blood vessels
C) Increase blood pressure
D) Decrease blood sugar
Answer: B) Dilate blood vessels
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers work by inhibiting calcium ion entry into smooth muscle
cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
