BIOL 235 MIDTERM EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM 180
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
sutural bones - - ANS✔️--small bones located in sutures (joints) between
certain cranial bones. Their number varies greatly from person to
person
surface markings - - ANS✔️--structural features adapted for specific
functions. Most are not present at birth but develop in response to
certain forces and are most prominent in the adult skeleton
two major types - depressions/openings and processes
irregular bones - - ANS✔️--have complex shapes and cannot be grouped
into any of the previous categories. They vary in the amount of spongy
,and compact bone present. Such bones include the vertebrae, hip
bones, certain facial bones, and the calcaneus
sesamoid bones - - ANS✔️--develop in certain tendons where there is
considerable friction, tension, and physical stress, such as the palms
and soles. They may vary in num- ber from person to person, are not
always completely ossified, and typically measure only a few
millimeters in diameter
include patellae
cervical vertebrae - - ANS✔️--are smaller than all other vertebrae
except those that form the coccyx. Their vertebral arches, however,
are larger. All cervical vertebrae have three foramina: one vertebral
foramen and two transverse foramina
first two vertebra of spine - atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
atlas (C1) vertebrae - - ANS✔️--has no vertebral body or spinal process
,axis (C2) vertebrae - - ANS✔️--does have vertebral body, odontoid
process projects superiorly through the anterior portion of the
vertebral foramen of the atlas which allows you to shake your head no
thoracic vertebrae - - ANS✔️--considerably larger and stronger than
cervical vertebrae, easily identified by their costal facets (cost- = rib),
which are articular surfaces for the ribs
lumbar vertebrae - - ANS✔️--largest and strongest of the unfused bones
in the vertebral column because the amount of body weight supported
by the vertebrae increases toward the inferior end of the backbone
sacrum - - ANS✔️--a triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral
vertebrae (S1-S5). serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
coccyx - - ANS✔️--triangular in shape. It is formed by the fusion of
usually four coccygeal vertebrae (Co1-Co4).
, thorax - - ANS✔️--refers to the entire chest region. The skeletal part of
the thorax, the thoracic cage, is a bony enclosure formed by the ster-
num, ribs and their costal cartilages, and the bodies of the thoracic
vertebrae
sternum - - ANS✔️--aka breastbone - a flat, narrow bone located in the
center of the anterior thoracic wall that measures about 15 cm in
length and consists of three parts
manubrium - - ANS✔️--superior portion of sternum
body - - ANS✔️--middle portion of sternum, also largest portion
xiphoid process - - ANS✔️--inferior portion of sternum, also smallest
portion
sternal angle - - ANS✔️--junction of the manubrium and body of sternum
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
sutural bones - - ANS✔️--small bones located in sutures (joints) between
certain cranial bones. Their number varies greatly from person to
person
surface markings - - ANS✔️--structural features adapted for specific
functions. Most are not present at birth but develop in response to
certain forces and are most prominent in the adult skeleton
two major types - depressions/openings and processes
irregular bones - - ANS✔️--have complex shapes and cannot be grouped
into any of the previous categories. They vary in the amount of spongy
,and compact bone present. Such bones include the vertebrae, hip
bones, certain facial bones, and the calcaneus
sesamoid bones - - ANS✔️--develop in certain tendons where there is
considerable friction, tension, and physical stress, such as the palms
and soles. They may vary in num- ber from person to person, are not
always completely ossified, and typically measure only a few
millimeters in diameter
include patellae
cervical vertebrae - - ANS✔️--are smaller than all other vertebrae
except those that form the coccyx. Their vertebral arches, however,
are larger. All cervical vertebrae have three foramina: one vertebral
foramen and two transverse foramina
first two vertebra of spine - atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
atlas (C1) vertebrae - - ANS✔️--has no vertebral body or spinal process
,axis (C2) vertebrae - - ANS✔️--does have vertebral body, odontoid
process projects superiorly through the anterior portion of the
vertebral foramen of the atlas which allows you to shake your head no
thoracic vertebrae - - ANS✔️--considerably larger and stronger than
cervical vertebrae, easily identified by their costal facets (cost- = rib),
which are articular surfaces for the ribs
lumbar vertebrae - - ANS✔️--largest and strongest of the unfused bones
in the vertebral column because the amount of body weight supported
by the vertebrae increases toward the inferior end of the backbone
sacrum - - ANS✔️--a triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral
vertebrae (S1-S5). serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
coccyx - - ANS✔️--triangular in shape. It is formed by the fusion of
usually four coccygeal vertebrae (Co1-Co4).
, thorax - - ANS✔️--refers to the entire chest region. The skeletal part of
the thorax, the thoracic cage, is a bony enclosure formed by the ster-
num, ribs and their costal cartilages, and the bodies of the thoracic
vertebrae
sternum - - ANS✔️--aka breastbone - a flat, narrow bone located in the
center of the anterior thoracic wall that measures about 15 cm in
length and consists of three parts
manubrium - - ANS✔️--superior portion of sternum
body - - ANS✔️--middle portion of sternum, also largest portion
xiphoid process - - ANS✔️--inferior portion of sternum, also smallest
portion
sternal angle - - ANS✔️--junction of the manubrium and body of sternum
