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Summary Tema 6 - Solidifiación e aliaxes

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1. Defecto superficial - Límite de gran 2. Etapas da solificación - Nucleación e crecemento 3. Endurecemento por diminución de tamaño de gran 4. Solidificación en lingoteira 5. Defectos de solidificación 6. Aliaxes - Soluciones sólidas 7. Aliaxes - Endurecemento por solución sólida

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January 11, 2025
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2012/2013
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TECNOLOXÍA DOS MATERIAIS TEMA 6




TEMA 6
SOLIDIFICACIÓN E ALIAXES

6.1 – DEFECTO SUPERFICIAL, LÍMITE DE GRAN
DEFECTO SUPERFICIAL: Os átomos atópanse fóra das súas posicións de equilibrio.
LÍMITE DE GRAN:
GRAN: Son as zonas de maior contido enerxético do cristal.
• Límite de gran de ángulo pequeno.
• Límite de gran de ángulo grande.
O tamaño de gran determínase pola seguinte fórmula:
N = 2n – 1 N: Grans/pulgada2 n: Índice de tamaño de gran


6.2 – ETAPAS DA SOLIFICACIÓN, NUCLEACIÓN E CRECEMENTO
NUCLEACIÓN: Formación de núcleos estables (pequena porción sólida dentro do líquido).
CRECEMENTO DO NÚCLEO: Os átomos do líquido únense ó sólido.
Cristais que Límites
Líquido Líquido formarán grans de gran Grans


Núcleos




A nucleación ten lugar sobre calquera partícula que diminúa a enerxía libre para formar un
u núcleo
estable (xerme).
• Debe haber boa humectabilidade.
Ángulo de contacto (θ)) pequeño.
• O núcleo debe adherirse á superficie.

N/G alta → Moitos grans de pequeno tamaño.
N: Velocidade de nucleación. C: Velocidade de crecemento.
N/G baixa → Estrutura de gran groso e basto.

VIDROS METÁLICOS: Velocidades de enfriamento extremadamente altas (106 ºC/s).
CERÁMICOS OU POLÍMEROS: Poden ter estrutura vítrea con velocidades de enfriamento baixas.
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