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Summary Tema 3 - Imperfeccións cristalinas e difusión

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1. Defectos puntuais 2. Difusión

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January 11, 2025
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Written in
2012/2013
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[TECNOLOXÍA DOS MATERIAIS] TEMA 3




TEMA 3
IMPERFECCIÓNS CRISTALINAS E DIFUSIÓN
Moitas propiedades dos materiais está relacionadas coa presenza de defectos nas estruturas cristalinas:
propiedades mecánicas, ópticas, eléctricas, difusión, etc.

3.1 – DEFECTOS PUNTUAIS
VACANTES E AUTOINTERSTICIOS:

• Vacante: Prodúcese cando falta un átomo nun sitio normal da rede. Ao seu redor os átomos
están distorsionados e tende a adoptar unha posición de equilibrio que fai desaparecer a
vacante.

• Autointersticios: Átomo do cristal que moveuse cara un lugar intersticial. Producen grandes dis
torsións na rede cristalina.




Vacante Autointersticio

• Para o cálculo de vacantes en condicións de equilibrio:

0
n = N · exp / 1 4 n/N = Fracción de vacantes.
2·3


n = Número de vacantes.
Constante de Boltzmann (K):
(K):
N = Átomos.
1,38 · 10-23 J/K
QV = Enerxía vibracional necesaria
para formar una vacante (eV). 8,62 · 10-5 eV/K
K = Constante de Boltzmann.
1 eV = 1,6 · 10-19 J
T = Temperatura absoluta.

En condicións de equilibrio, a concentración de vacantes crece exponencialmente ca
temperatura.
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