1. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of eating disorders.
The patient expresses concerns about body weight and diet. The nurse should
emphasize which approach to nutritional counseling?
A. Encouraging extreme caloric restriction
B. Promoting a balanced, sustainable approach to eating
C. Focus on weight loss as the primary goal
D. Encouraging the patient to avoid all fats
Answer: B) Promoting a balanced, sustainable approach to eating
Rationale: A balanced approach to nutrition that focuses on overall health, not just
weight loss,
is important for patients with eating disorders. The goal should be to encourage a
healthy
relationship with food.
2. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with hyperthyroidism on dietary
management. The nurse explains that the patient should increase intake of which
nutrient?
A. Iodine
B. Fiber
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
Answer: A) Iodine
Rationale: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid is
overactive,
but adequate iodine intake helps support normal thyroid function and can aid in
managing the
condition.
3. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with gallbladder disease. Which of
the following dietary modifications should the nurse recommend?
A. Increase fat intake
B. Avoid high-fat foods
C. Avoid fiber
D. Increase dairy products
Answer: B) Avoid high-fat foods
Rationale: High-fat foods can trigger gallbladder attacks and worsen symptoms in
patients with
gallbladder disease. A low-fat diet is recommended to reduce strain on the gallbladder.
4. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient about weight loss. The nurse
explains that a caloric deficit must be created by which of the following methods?
A. Increasing fat intake
B. Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
C. Reducing protein intake
D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely
,Answer: B) Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
Rationale: To achieve weight loss, a caloric deficit is necessary, which can be
accomplished
through either reducing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. Both methods are
key to
successful and sustainable weight loss.
5. Case Study: A nurse is advising a client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
about dietary changes. Which of the following foods should the nurse
recommend avoiding to reduce symptoms?
A. Oats
B. Beans
C. Carrots
D. Chicken
Answer: B) Beans
Rationale: Beans are high in fiber and can cause gas and bloating, which can worsen
symptoms
of IBS. A low-FODMAP diet, which involves avoiding certain types of carbohydrates,
may be
recommended for managing IBS.
6. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient with heart disease about
managing their cholesterol. The nurse recommends increasing the intake of
which of the following types of fats?
A. Trans fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Cholesterol
Answer: C) Unsaturated fats
Rationale: Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, and nuts, can help
lower
LDL (bad) cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Reducing saturated and
trans fats is
also important for heart health.
7. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease. The
nurse should advise the patient to limit intake of which nutrient?
A. Potassium
B. Vitamin C
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A) Potassium
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium,
leading
to hyperkalemia. Therefore, patients should limit foods high in potassium, such as
bananas,
potatoes, and tomatoes.
, 8. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a client with gout about dietary changes. The
nurse advises the patient to avoid which of the following foods?
A. Red meat
B. Low-fat dairy products
C. Whole wheat bread
D. Leafy greens
Answer: A) Red meat
Rationale: Gout is a form of arthritis associated with high levels of uric acid. Red meat
and
organ meats are high in purines, which can increase uric acid levels and exacerbate
gout
symptoms. A diet low in purines is recommended.
9. Case Study: A nurse is educating a pregnant client about nutrition. The nurse
advises the client to increase intake of which of the following to support fetal
development?
A. Folate
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
D. Vitamin C
Answer: A) Folate
Rationale: Folate is essential during pregnancy for preventing neural tube defects in the
developing fetus. It is important to consume foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens,
legumes,
and fortified cereals.
10. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will need an increased intake of which nutrient to
promote healing?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. A patient with burns has
increased
protein needs to promote wound healing and prevent muscle wasting.
11. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with renal failure about dietary
changes. The nurse advises the patient to limit intake of which of the following
nutrients?
A. Potassium
B. Carbohydrates
C. Iron
D. Fiber
Answer: A) Potassium
The patient expresses concerns about body weight and diet. The nurse should
emphasize which approach to nutritional counseling?
A. Encouraging extreme caloric restriction
B. Promoting a balanced, sustainable approach to eating
C. Focus on weight loss as the primary goal
D. Encouraging the patient to avoid all fats
Answer: B) Promoting a balanced, sustainable approach to eating
Rationale: A balanced approach to nutrition that focuses on overall health, not just
weight loss,
is important for patients with eating disorders. The goal should be to encourage a
healthy
relationship with food.
2. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with hyperthyroidism on dietary
management. The nurse explains that the patient should increase intake of which
nutrient?
A. Iodine
B. Fiber
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
Answer: A) Iodine
Rationale: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid is
overactive,
but adequate iodine intake helps support normal thyroid function and can aid in
managing the
condition.
3. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with gallbladder disease. Which of
the following dietary modifications should the nurse recommend?
A. Increase fat intake
B. Avoid high-fat foods
C. Avoid fiber
D. Increase dairy products
Answer: B) Avoid high-fat foods
Rationale: High-fat foods can trigger gallbladder attacks and worsen symptoms in
patients with
gallbladder disease. A low-fat diet is recommended to reduce strain on the gallbladder.
4. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient about weight loss. The nurse
explains that a caloric deficit must be created by which of the following methods?
A. Increasing fat intake
B. Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
C. Reducing protein intake
D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely
,Answer: B) Reducing daily calorie intake or increasing physical activity
Rationale: To achieve weight loss, a caloric deficit is necessary, which can be
accomplished
through either reducing calorie intake or increasing physical activity. Both methods are
key to
successful and sustainable weight loss.
5. Case Study: A nurse is advising a client with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
about dietary changes. Which of the following foods should the nurse
recommend avoiding to reduce symptoms?
A. Oats
B. Beans
C. Carrots
D. Chicken
Answer: B) Beans
Rationale: Beans are high in fiber and can cause gas and bloating, which can worsen
symptoms
of IBS. A low-FODMAP diet, which involves avoiding certain types of carbohydrates,
may be
recommended for managing IBS.
6. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient with heart disease about
managing their cholesterol. The nurse recommends increasing the intake of
which of the following types of fats?
A. Trans fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Cholesterol
Answer: C) Unsaturated fats
Rationale: Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, and nuts, can help
lower
LDL (bad) cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Reducing saturated and
trans fats is
also important for heart health.
7. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease. The
nurse should advise the patient to limit intake of which nutrient?
A. Potassium
B. Vitamin C
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A) Potassium
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium,
leading
to hyperkalemia. Therefore, patients should limit foods high in potassium, such as
bananas,
potatoes, and tomatoes.
, 8. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a client with gout about dietary changes. The
nurse advises the patient to avoid which of the following foods?
A. Red meat
B. Low-fat dairy products
C. Whole wheat bread
D. Leafy greens
Answer: A) Red meat
Rationale: Gout is a form of arthritis associated with high levels of uric acid. Red meat
and
organ meats are high in purines, which can increase uric acid levels and exacerbate
gout
symptoms. A diet low in purines is recommended.
9. Case Study: A nurse is educating a pregnant client about nutrition. The nurse
advises the client to increase intake of which of the following to support fetal
development?
A. Folate
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
D. Vitamin C
Answer: A) Folate
Rationale: Folate is essential during pregnancy for preventing neural tube defects in the
developing fetus. It is important to consume foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens,
legumes,
and fortified cereals.
10. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will need an increased intake of which nutrient to
promote healing?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. A patient with burns has
increased
protein needs to promote wound healing and prevent muscle wasting.
11. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with renal failure about dietary
changes. The nurse advises the patient to limit intake of which of the following
nutrients?
A. Potassium
B. Carbohydrates
C. Iron
D. Fiber
Answer: A) Potassium
