1. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
2. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with hyperthyroidism on dietary
management. The nurse explains that the patient should increase intake of which
nutrient?
A. Iodine
B. Fiber
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
Answer: A) Iodine
Rationale: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid is
overactive,
but adequate iodine intake helps support normal thyroid function and can aid in
managing the
condition.
3. Case Study: A nurse is educating a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) about nutrition. The nurse suggests which of the following to
help the patient maintain adequate nutrition?
A. Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
B. Consume large meals with high fiber
C. Focus on low-protein, low-fat meals
D. Increase carbohydrate intake significantly
Answer: A) Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
Rationale: COPD patients often experience weight loss and muscle wasting. Frequent,
small
meals that are high in protein and calories can help prevent malnutrition and muscle
deterioration.
4. Case Study: A nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient who has lactose
intolerance. The nurse explains that which of the following is a good alternative
source of calcium for this patient?
A. Cheese
B. Almond milk
,C. Whole milk
D. Ice cream
Answer: B) Almond milk
Rationale: Almond milk is often fortified with calcium and can be a good alternative for
individuals with lactose intolerance who need to meet their calcium requirements.
5. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient on a plant-based diet. Which of
the following is an excellent plant-based source of iron?
A. Red meat
B. Tofu
C. Cheese
D. Eggs
Answer: B) Tofu
Rationale: Tofu is a good plant-based source of iron. Since plant-based iron (non-heme
iron) is
less easily absorbed than animal-based iron, it’s important for patients to consume it
with a
source of vitamin C to enhance absorption.
6. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient about managing their blood sugar
levels. The nurse emphasizes that which of the following should be included in
meals to slow the absorption of sugar?
A. Protein
B. Simple carbohydrates
C. Refined sugars
D. Dietary fiber
Answer: D) Dietary fiber
Rationale: Fiber slows the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, which helps
stabilize blood
sugar levels. Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber.
7. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary recommendations with a client who
is anemic. The nurse suggests that the patient increase their intake of which of
the following foods?
A. Spinach
B. White rice
C. Apples
D. Bread
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is rich in non-heme iron, which is beneficial for individuals with
iron deficiency anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, along with vitamin
C to enhance
absorption, can help improve iron levels.
8. Case Study: A nurse is providing nutrition education to a patient with
hypertension. The nurse explains that which of the following eating patterns is
most likely to help reduce blood pressure?
, A. DASH diet
B. Low-fat, high-protein diet
C. Low-carb, high-fat diet
D. High-sodium, high-fat diet
Answer: A) DASH diet
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sodium and
unhealthy
fats. This diet is well-researched and proven to help lower blood pressure.
9. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with gout on dietary management.
The nurse explains the importance of drinking fluids. Which fluid should the
patient avoid?
A. Water
B. Coffee
C. Alcoholic beverages
D. Herbal tea
Answer: C) Alcoholic beverages
Rationale: Alcohol, particularly beer and liquor, can increase uric acid levels and trigger
gout
attacks. The patient should be encouraged to avoid alcoholic beverages and stay
hydrated with
water and non-alcoholic fluids.
10. Case Study: A nurse is providing dietary counseling to a patient with
hypertension. The nurse suggests the patient incorporate which of the following
into their diet to help manage blood pressure?
A. Bananas
B. Potato chips
C. Processed meats
D. Whole milk
Answer: A) Bananas
Rationale: Bananas are rich in potassium, which can help balance sodium levels and
lower
blood pressure. A diet high in potassium and low in sodium is recommended for
hypertension
management.
11. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient with heart disease about
managing their cholesterol. The nurse recommends increasing the intake of
which of the following types of fats?
A. Trans fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Cholesterol
Answer: C) Unsaturated fats
Rationale: Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, and nuts, can help
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
2. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with hyperthyroidism on dietary
management. The nurse explains that the patient should increase intake of which
nutrient?
A. Iodine
B. Fiber
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
Answer: A) Iodine
Rationale: Iodine is essential for thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid is
overactive,
but adequate iodine intake helps support normal thyroid function and can aid in
managing the
condition.
3. Case Study: A nurse is educating a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) about nutrition. The nurse suggests which of the following to
help the patient maintain adequate nutrition?
A. Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
B. Consume large meals with high fiber
C. Focus on low-protein, low-fat meals
D. Increase carbohydrate intake significantly
Answer: A) Eat frequent, small meals high in protein and calories
Rationale: COPD patients often experience weight loss and muscle wasting. Frequent,
small
meals that are high in protein and calories can help prevent malnutrition and muscle
deterioration.
4. Case Study: A nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient who has lactose
intolerance. The nurse explains that which of the following is a good alternative
source of calcium for this patient?
A. Cheese
B. Almond milk
,C. Whole milk
D. Ice cream
Answer: B) Almond milk
Rationale: Almond milk is often fortified with calcium and can be a good alternative for
individuals with lactose intolerance who need to meet their calcium requirements.
5. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient on a plant-based diet. Which of
the following is an excellent plant-based source of iron?
A. Red meat
B. Tofu
C. Cheese
D. Eggs
Answer: B) Tofu
Rationale: Tofu is a good plant-based source of iron. Since plant-based iron (non-heme
iron) is
less easily absorbed than animal-based iron, it’s important for patients to consume it
with a
source of vitamin C to enhance absorption.
6. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient about managing their blood sugar
levels. The nurse emphasizes that which of the following should be included in
meals to slow the absorption of sugar?
A. Protein
B. Simple carbohydrates
C. Refined sugars
D. Dietary fiber
Answer: D) Dietary fiber
Rationale: Fiber slows the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, which helps
stabilize blood
sugar levels. Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber.
7. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary recommendations with a client who
is anemic. The nurse suggests that the patient increase their intake of which of
the following foods?
A. Spinach
B. White rice
C. Apples
D. Bread
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is rich in non-heme iron, which is beneficial for individuals with
iron deficiency anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, along with vitamin
C to enhance
absorption, can help improve iron levels.
8. Case Study: A nurse is providing nutrition education to a patient with
hypertension. The nurse explains that which of the following eating patterns is
most likely to help reduce blood pressure?
, A. DASH diet
B. Low-fat, high-protein diet
C. Low-carb, high-fat diet
D. High-sodium, high-fat diet
Answer: A) DASH diet
Rationale: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sodium and
unhealthy
fats. This diet is well-researched and proven to help lower blood pressure.
9. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with gout on dietary management.
The nurse explains the importance of drinking fluids. Which fluid should the
patient avoid?
A. Water
B. Coffee
C. Alcoholic beverages
D. Herbal tea
Answer: C) Alcoholic beverages
Rationale: Alcohol, particularly beer and liquor, can increase uric acid levels and trigger
gout
attacks. The patient should be encouraged to avoid alcoholic beverages and stay
hydrated with
water and non-alcoholic fluids.
10. Case Study: A nurse is providing dietary counseling to a patient with
hypertension. The nurse suggests the patient incorporate which of the following
into their diet to help manage blood pressure?
A. Bananas
B. Potato chips
C. Processed meats
D. Whole milk
Answer: A) Bananas
Rationale: Bananas are rich in potassium, which can help balance sodium levels and
lower
blood pressure. A diet high in potassium and low in sodium is recommended for
hypertension
management.
11. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient with heart disease about
managing their cholesterol. The nurse recommends increasing the intake of
which of the following types of fats?
A. Trans fats
B. Saturated fats
C. Unsaturated fats
D. Cholesterol
Answer: C) Unsaturated fats
Rationale: Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, and nuts, can help
