1. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary recommendations with a client who
is anemic. The nurse suggests that the patient increase their intake of which of
the following foods?
A. Spinach
B. White rice
C. Apples
D. Bread
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is rich in non-heme iron, which is beneficial for individuals with
iron deficiency anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, along with vitamin
C to enhance
absorption, can help improve iron levels.
2. Case Study: A nurse is assessing a patient's nutritional status. The nurse is
concerned about the patient's low intake of essential fatty acids. Which food
would be an appropriate source of omega-3 fatty acids?
A. Salmon
B. Chicken
C. Carrots
D. Apples
Answer: A) Salmon
Rationale: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for heart and brain health. Fatty fish like
salmon is
A. rich source of omega-3s and is beneficial for cardiovascular health.
3. Case Study: A nurse is providing education to a client with diabetes mellitus.
The nurse explains that which of the following foods can help stabilize blood
sugar levels?
A. White bread
B. Brown rice
C. Regular soda
D. Jelly beans
Answer: B) Brown rice
Rationale: Brown rice is a whole grain that is high in fiber and has a lower glycemic
index than
white bread or refined carbohydrates. The fiber helps to stabilize blood sugar levels.
4. Case Study: A nurse is educating a pregnant client about foods to avoid. The
nurse advises the patient to avoid which of the following foods due to the risk of
foodborne illness?
A. Unpasteurized milk
B. Cooked chicken
C. Roasted vegetables
D. Fresh fruit
Answer: A) Unpasteurized milk
,Rationale: Unpasteurized milk can contain harmful bacteria such as Listeria, which can
cause
foodborne illness and pose risks during pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid
unpasteurized
dairy products.
5. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient who is vegan about meeting their
protein needs. Which of the following is a good plant-based protein source?
A. Lentils
B. Chicken
C. Fish
D. Eggs
Answer: A) Lentils
Rationale: Lentils are an excellent plant-based source of protein, providing essential
amino
acids needed for tissue repair and overall body function. Vegans can rely on legumes,
tofu,
quinoa, and other plant-based sources for protein.
6. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient on a plant-based diet. Which of
the following is an excellent plant-based source of iron?
A. Red meat
B. Tofu
C. Cheese
D. Eggs
Answer: B) Tofu
Rationale: Tofu is a good plant-based source of iron. Since plant-based iron (non-heme
iron) is
less easily absorbed than animal-based iron, it’s important for patients to consume it
with a
source of vitamin C to enhance absorption.
7. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary modifications with a patient newly
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse instructs the patient to avoid foods
high in which of the following?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fiber
C. Protein
D. Saturated fats
Answer: A) Carbohydrates
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes requires careful monitoring of carbohydrate intake, as they
directly
affect blood glucose levels. Foods high in carbohydrates should be limited, especially
refined
sugars and starches. Fiber, protein, and fats (in moderation) can be part of a balanced
diabetic
diet.
, 8. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
9. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with renal failure about dietary
changes. The nurse advises the patient to limit intake of which of the following
nutrients?
A. Potassium
B. Carbohydrates
C. Iron
D. Fiber
Answer: A) Potassium
Rationale: Renal failure can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium, which can
lead to
hyperkalemia. Therefore, limiting high-potassium foods such as bananas, oranges, and
potatoes
is necessary.
10. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will need an increased intake of which nutrient to
promote healing?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. A patient with burns has
increased
protein needs to promote wound healing and prevent muscle wasting.
11. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with lactose intolerance. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt with probiotics
D. Ice cream
Answer: C) Yogurt with probiotics
is anemic. The nurse suggests that the patient increase their intake of which of
the following foods?
A. Spinach
B. White rice
C. Apples
D. Bread
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is rich in non-heme iron, which is beneficial for individuals with
iron deficiency anemia. Consuming iron-rich foods such as spinach, along with vitamin
C to enhance
absorption, can help improve iron levels.
2. Case Study: A nurse is assessing a patient's nutritional status. The nurse is
concerned about the patient's low intake of essential fatty acids. Which food
would be an appropriate source of omega-3 fatty acids?
A. Salmon
B. Chicken
C. Carrots
D. Apples
Answer: A) Salmon
Rationale: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for heart and brain health. Fatty fish like
salmon is
A. rich source of omega-3s and is beneficial for cardiovascular health.
3. Case Study: A nurse is providing education to a client with diabetes mellitus.
The nurse explains that which of the following foods can help stabilize blood
sugar levels?
A. White bread
B. Brown rice
C. Regular soda
D. Jelly beans
Answer: B) Brown rice
Rationale: Brown rice is a whole grain that is high in fiber and has a lower glycemic
index than
white bread or refined carbohydrates. The fiber helps to stabilize blood sugar levels.
4. Case Study: A nurse is educating a pregnant client about foods to avoid. The
nurse advises the patient to avoid which of the following foods due to the risk of
foodborne illness?
A. Unpasteurized milk
B. Cooked chicken
C. Roasted vegetables
D. Fresh fruit
Answer: A) Unpasteurized milk
,Rationale: Unpasteurized milk can contain harmful bacteria such as Listeria, which can
cause
foodborne illness and pose risks during pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid
unpasteurized
dairy products.
5. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient who is vegan about meeting their
protein needs. Which of the following is a good plant-based protein source?
A. Lentils
B. Chicken
C. Fish
D. Eggs
Answer: A) Lentils
Rationale: Lentils are an excellent plant-based source of protein, providing essential
amino
acids needed for tissue repair and overall body function. Vegans can rely on legumes,
tofu,
quinoa, and other plant-based sources for protein.
6. Case Study: A nurse is counseling a patient on a plant-based diet. Which of
the following is an excellent plant-based source of iron?
A. Red meat
B. Tofu
C. Cheese
D. Eggs
Answer: B) Tofu
Rationale: Tofu is a good plant-based source of iron. Since plant-based iron (non-heme
iron) is
less easily absorbed than animal-based iron, it’s important for patients to consume it
with a
source of vitamin C to enhance absorption.
7. Case Study: A nurse is discussing dietary modifications with a patient newly
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse instructs the patient to avoid foods
high in which of the following?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fiber
C. Protein
D. Saturated fats
Answer: A) Carbohydrates
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes requires careful monitoring of carbohydrate intake, as they
directly
affect blood glucose levels. Foods high in carbohydrates should be limited, especially
refined
sugars and starches. Fiber, protein, and fats (in moderation) can be part of a balanced
diabetic
diet.
, 8. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoporosis. The nurse
encourages the patient to increase the intake of which nutrient to help strengthen
bones?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B) Calcium
Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health and can help prevent and manage
osteoporosis.
Adequate calcium intake, along with vitamin D to enhance absorption, is important for
maintaining strong bones.
9. Case Study: A nurse is teaching a patient with renal failure about dietary
changes. The nurse advises the patient to limit intake of which of the following
nutrients?
A. Potassium
B. Carbohydrates
C. Iron
D. Fiber
Answer: A) Potassium
Rationale: Renal failure can impair the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium, which can
lead to
hyperkalemia. Therefore, limiting high-potassium foods such as bananas, oranges, and
potatoes
is necessary.
10. Case Study: A nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will need an increased intake of which nutrient to
promote healing?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Fiber
Answer: B) Protein
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and healing. A patient with burns has
increased
protein needs to promote wound healing and prevent muscle wasting.
11. Case Study: A nurse is educating a patient with lactose intolerance. Which of
the following foods should the nurse recommend?
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yogurt with probiotics
D. Ice cream
Answer: C) Yogurt with probiotics
