1. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute otitis media in
children?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen responsible for acute otitis
media in children.
2. A child is brought to the clinic with a complaint of a persistent cough and
fever. The child’s mother reports that the cough has a "whooping" sound. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pertussis
D) Croup
Answer: C) Pertussis
Rationale: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is characterized by severe coughing fits
followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound during inhalation.
3. A 4-year-old is brought to the ER with a blood pressure of 150/100 mmHg.
What is the most likely underlying condition?
A) Renal artery stenosis
B) Essential hypertension
C) Coarctation of the aorta
D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: C) Coarctation of the aorta
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital condition that causes high blood pressure,
especially in the upper extremities.
4. Which of the following is the primary goal of treatment for a child with cystic
fibrosis?
,A) To prevent infection
B) To manage diabetes
C) To improve airway clearance
D) To promote growth
Answer: C) To improve airway clearance
Rationale: The primary goal of cystic fibrosis management is to improve airway clearance and
lung function, as the condition primarily affects the lungs.
5. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. The nurse notes that the child is not
yet able to sit without support. Which of the following developmental milestones
is the infant likely to achieve next?
A) Crawling
B) Standing without support
C) Rolling from back to stomach
D) Walking
Answer: C) Rolling from back to stomach
Rationale: Infants typically achieve the ability to roll from back to stomach between 4 and 6
months of age.
6. A 3-year-old child presents with a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and a
high fever. On examination, the tonsils are enlarged and covered with white
exudate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Scarlet fever
B) Pharyngitis
C) Tonsillitis
D) Mononucleosis
Answer: C) Tonsillitis
Rationale: Tonsillitis is commonly characterized by sore throat, fever, difficulty swallowing,
and tonsillar exudates.
7. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for a child
with an acute episode of asthma?
, A) Oxygen therapy
B) Corticosteroids
C) Inhaled beta-agonist
D) Antibiotics
Answer: C) Inhaled beta-agonist
Rationale: Inhaled beta-agonists, such as albuterol, are the first-line treatment for acute asthma
exacerbations to relieve bronchospasm.
8. A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child and observes the following: A high-
pitched cry, poor feeding, and hypotonia. Which of the following genetic
conditions should be considered?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Prader-Willi syndrome
D) Cri-du-chat syndrome
Answer: D) Cri-du-chat syndrome
Rationale: Cri-du-chat syndrome is characterized by a distinctive high-pitched cry, hypotonia,
and developmental delays, which can be observed in infancy.
9. Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in a child who is
immunocompromised?
A) MMR
B) DTaP
C) IPV
D) Hib
Answer: A) MMR
Rationale: The MMR vaccine, which contains live attenuated viruses, is contraindicated in
immunocompromised children.
10. A nurse is educating the parents of a child with spina bifida. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse emphasize to prevent complications?
A) Administering antibiotics regularly
B) Applying pressure to the lower back
children?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen responsible for acute otitis
media in children.
2. A child is brought to the clinic with a complaint of a persistent cough and
fever. The child’s mother reports that the cough has a "whooping" sound. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Asthma
B) Bronchiolitis
C) Pertussis
D) Croup
Answer: C) Pertussis
Rationale: Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is characterized by severe coughing fits
followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound during inhalation.
3. A 4-year-old is brought to the ER with a blood pressure of 150/100 mmHg.
What is the most likely underlying condition?
A) Renal artery stenosis
B) Essential hypertension
C) Coarctation of the aorta
D) Hypothyroidism
Answer: C) Coarctation of the aorta
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital condition that causes high blood pressure,
especially in the upper extremities.
4. Which of the following is the primary goal of treatment for a child with cystic
fibrosis?
,A) To prevent infection
B) To manage diabetes
C) To improve airway clearance
D) To promote growth
Answer: C) To improve airway clearance
Rationale: The primary goal of cystic fibrosis management is to improve airway clearance and
lung function, as the condition primarily affects the lungs.
5. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. The nurse notes that the child is not
yet able to sit without support. Which of the following developmental milestones
is the infant likely to achieve next?
A) Crawling
B) Standing without support
C) Rolling from back to stomach
D) Walking
Answer: C) Rolling from back to stomach
Rationale: Infants typically achieve the ability to roll from back to stomach between 4 and 6
months of age.
6. A 3-year-old child presents with a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and a
high fever. On examination, the tonsils are enlarged and covered with white
exudate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Scarlet fever
B) Pharyngitis
C) Tonsillitis
D) Mononucleosis
Answer: C) Tonsillitis
Rationale: Tonsillitis is commonly characterized by sore throat, fever, difficulty swallowing,
and tonsillar exudates.
7. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for a child
with an acute episode of asthma?
, A) Oxygen therapy
B) Corticosteroids
C) Inhaled beta-agonist
D) Antibiotics
Answer: C) Inhaled beta-agonist
Rationale: Inhaled beta-agonists, such as albuterol, are the first-line treatment for acute asthma
exacerbations to relieve bronchospasm.
8. A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child and observes the following: A high-
pitched cry, poor feeding, and hypotonia. Which of the following genetic
conditions should be considered?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Prader-Willi syndrome
D) Cri-du-chat syndrome
Answer: D) Cri-du-chat syndrome
Rationale: Cri-du-chat syndrome is characterized by a distinctive high-pitched cry, hypotonia,
and developmental delays, which can be observed in infancy.
9. Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in a child who is
immunocompromised?
A) MMR
B) DTaP
C) IPV
D) Hib
Answer: A) MMR
Rationale: The MMR vaccine, which contains live attenuated viruses, is contraindicated in
immunocompromised children.
10. A nurse is educating the parents of a child with spina bifida. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse emphasize to prevent complications?
A) Administering antibiotics regularly
B) Applying pressure to the lower back
