1. Which of the following medications is classified as a beta-blocker?
A) Metoprolol
B) Lisinopril
C) Furosemide
D) Albuterol
Answer: A) Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, used primarily to treat hypertension and heart failure by
blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors.
2. What is the primary action of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Dilate blood vessels
C) Inhibit insulin release
D) Increase blood pressure
Answer: B) Dilate blood vessels
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers like amlodipine work by blocking calcium ions from
entering smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and lowered blood pressure.
3. Which of the following is an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors such as
enalapril?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Diarrhea
D) Tachycardia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors like enalapril can increase potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia,
which can be dangerous.
4. Which of the following is the antidote for heparin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
B) Protamine sulfate
,C) Naloxone
D) Flumazenil
Answer: B) Protamine sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose as it binds to heparin and
neutralizes its anticoagulant effect.
5. A nurse is caring for a client receiving warfarin. What laboratory test should
the nurse monitor?
A) Platelet count
B) Prothrombin time (PT)
C) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D) International normalized ratio (INR)
Answer: D) International normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: INR is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy, as it measures the
blood’s tendency to clot.
6. A client is prescribed an opioid analgesic for severe pain. Which of the
following is an expected side effect?
A) Bradycardia
B) Diarrhea
C) Respiratory depression
D) Insomnia
Answer: C) Respiratory depression
Rationale: Opioids like morphine can depress the respiratory system, which is a common and
potentially dangerous side effect.
7. Which of the following is an expected effect of glucocorticoids like prednisone?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Decreased immune function
C) Decreased appetite
D) Hypotension
, Answer: B) Decreased immune function
Rationale: Glucocorticoids suppress the immune system and can lead to increased susceptibility
to infections.
8. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in clients with a history
of peptic ulcer disease?
A) Aspirin
B) Acetaminophen
C) Ibuprofen
D) Diphenhydramine
Answer: A) Aspirin
Rationale: Aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can increase the risk of
gastrointestinal bleeding and should be avoided in clients with peptic ulcer disease.
9. What is the most important nursing assessment for a client taking digoxin?
A) Blood glucose levels
B) Serum potassium levels
C) Liver enzymes
D) Lung sounds
Answer: B) Serum potassium levels
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can occur in the presence of hypokalemia, so monitoring serum
potassium levels is crucial.
10. What is the primary action of statins like atorvastatin?
A) Lower blood pressure
B) Increase HDL cholesterol
C) Lower LDL cholesterol
D) Decrease triglycerides
Answer: C) Lower LDL cholesterol
Rationale: Statins work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, leading to a decrease in LDL
cholesterol and total cholesterol levels.
A) Metoprolol
B) Lisinopril
C) Furosemide
D) Albuterol
Answer: A) Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, used primarily to treat hypertension and heart failure by
blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors.
2. What is the primary action of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
A) Increase heart rate
B) Dilate blood vessels
C) Inhibit insulin release
D) Increase blood pressure
Answer: B) Dilate blood vessels
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers like amlodipine work by blocking calcium ions from
entering smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and lowered blood pressure.
3. Which of the following is an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors such as
enalapril?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Diarrhea
D) Tachycardia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors like enalapril can increase potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia,
which can be dangerous.
4. Which of the following is the antidote for heparin overdose?
A) Vitamin K
B) Protamine sulfate
,C) Naloxone
D) Flumazenil
Answer: B) Protamine sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose as it binds to heparin and
neutralizes its anticoagulant effect.
5. A nurse is caring for a client receiving warfarin. What laboratory test should
the nurse monitor?
A) Platelet count
B) Prothrombin time (PT)
C) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D) International normalized ratio (INR)
Answer: D) International normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: INR is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy, as it measures the
blood’s tendency to clot.
6. A client is prescribed an opioid analgesic for severe pain. Which of the
following is an expected side effect?
A) Bradycardia
B) Diarrhea
C) Respiratory depression
D) Insomnia
Answer: C) Respiratory depression
Rationale: Opioids like morphine can depress the respiratory system, which is a common and
potentially dangerous side effect.
7. Which of the following is an expected effect of glucocorticoids like prednisone?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Decreased immune function
C) Decreased appetite
D) Hypotension
, Answer: B) Decreased immune function
Rationale: Glucocorticoids suppress the immune system and can lead to increased susceptibility
to infections.
8. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in clients with a history
of peptic ulcer disease?
A) Aspirin
B) Acetaminophen
C) Ibuprofen
D) Diphenhydramine
Answer: A) Aspirin
Rationale: Aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can increase the risk of
gastrointestinal bleeding and should be avoided in clients with peptic ulcer disease.
9. What is the most important nursing assessment for a client taking digoxin?
A) Blood glucose levels
B) Serum potassium levels
C) Liver enzymes
D) Lung sounds
Answer: B) Serum potassium levels
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity can occur in the presence of hypokalemia, so monitoring serum
potassium levels is crucial.
10. What is the primary action of statins like atorvastatin?
A) Lower blood pressure
B) Increase HDL cholesterol
C) Lower LDL cholesterol
D) Decrease triglycerides
Answer: C) Lower LDL cholesterol
Rationale: Statins work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, leading to a decrease in LDL
cholesterol and total cholesterol levels.
