1. Case Study:
A nurse is educating a patient who is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary
restrictions. The nurse informs the patient that they need to limit their potassium intake. The
patient asks, "What foods should I avoid?" Which food would the nurse suggest the patient avoid
the most?
A) Apples
B) Spinach
C) Rice
D) Carrots
Answer: B) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is high in potassium and should be limited in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Apples, rice, and carrots are generally safe in moderation.
2. Case Study:
A nurse is providing nutrition education to a patient with type 2 diabetes. The nurse explains the
importance of controlling carbohydrate intake. The patient asks which food is most likely to raise
blood sugar levels quickly. Which food should the nurse recommend limiting?
A) Whole grain bread
B) Oatmeal
C) White rice
D) Sweet potatoes
Answer: C) White rice
Rationale: White rice is a high-glycemic index food, meaning it can cause a rapid increase in
blood sugar levels. Whole grains and sweet potatoes have a lower glycemic index and are less
likely to cause a sharp rise in blood glucose.
3. Case Study:
A nurse is reviewing a patient's food diary for someone with hyperlipidemia. The nurse notes the
patient consumes large amounts of saturated fat. Which food is highest in saturated fat?
A) Olive oil
B) Coconut oil
C) Avocado
D) Peanut butter
,Answer: B) Coconut oil
Rationale: Coconut oil is rich in saturated fat, which can increase cholesterol levels and
contribute to cardiovascular risk. Olive oil, avocado, and peanut butter contain healthier
unsaturated fats.
4. Case Study:
A nurse is educating a patient with iron-deficiency anemia about foods that can improve iron
absorption. Which of the following should the nurse suggest the patient consume with an iron-
rich food to enhance absorption?
A) A glass of milk
B) A cup of tea
C) A citrus fruit
D) A high-fiber snack
Answer: C) A citrus fruit
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (plant-based iron). A citrus fruit
such as an orange is a good choice to pair with iron-rich foods like spinach or beans.
5. Case Study:
A nurse is assessing a patient with a recent diagnosis of celiac disease. The nurse asks the patient
about their usual diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?
A) Chicken breast
B) Whole wheat bread
C) Quinoa
D) Rice
Answer: B) Whole wheat bread
Rationale: Whole wheat bread contains gluten, which triggers an immune response in
individuals with celiac disease. Chicken, quinoa, and rice are naturally gluten-free.
6. Case Study:
A nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension. The nurse is reviewing the
patient’s diet and asks about their salt intake. Which food is most likely to contribute to high
sodium intake?
, A) Fresh vegetables
B) Canned soup
C) Fresh fruit
D) Grilled chicken
Answer: B) Canned soup
Rationale: Canned soups are often high in sodium, which can contribute to elevated blood
pressure. Fresh vegetables, fruit, and grilled chicken are naturally low in sodium.
7. Case Study:
A nurse is educating a patient with heart failure about the importance of fluid restriction. The
nurse asks the patient about their daily fluid intake. Which beverage should the nurse
recommend limiting?
A) Water
B) Herbal tea
C) Milk
D) Sports drinks
Answer: D) Sports drinks
Rationale: Sports drinks often contain high levels of sodium and sugar, which can contribute to
fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms. Water, herbal tea, and milk are healthier
options in moderation.
8. Case Study:
A nurse is teaching a patient who is pregnant about nutritional needs. The nurse recommends
increasing intake of folic acid. Which of the following foods is a good source of folic acid?
A) Salmon
B) Leafy green vegetables
C) Eggs
D) Chicken breast
Answer: B) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are rich in folate, which is essential for fetal development,
particularly in preventing neural tube defects.
9. Case Study:
A nurse is educating a patient who is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary
restrictions. The nurse informs the patient that they need to limit their potassium intake. The
patient asks, "What foods should I avoid?" Which food would the nurse suggest the patient avoid
the most?
A) Apples
B) Spinach
C) Rice
D) Carrots
Answer: B) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is high in potassium and should be limited in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Apples, rice, and carrots are generally safe in moderation.
2. Case Study:
A nurse is providing nutrition education to a patient with type 2 diabetes. The nurse explains the
importance of controlling carbohydrate intake. The patient asks which food is most likely to raise
blood sugar levels quickly. Which food should the nurse recommend limiting?
A) Whole grain bread
B) Oatmeal
C) White rice
D) Sweet potatoes
Answer: C) White rice
Rationale: White rice is a high-glycemic index food, meaning it can cause a rapid increase in
blood sugar levels. Whole grains and sweet potatoes have a lower glycemic index and are less
likely to cause a sharp rise in blood glucose.
3. Case Study:
A nurse is reviewing a patient's food diary for someone with hyperlipidemia. The nurse notes the
patient consumes large amounts of saturated fat. Which food is highest in saturated fat?
A) Olive oil
B) Coconut oil
C) Avocado
D) Peanut butter
,Answer: B) Coconut oil
Rationale: Coconut oil is rich in saturated fat, which can increase cholesterol levels and
contribute to cardiovascular risk. Olive oil, avocado, and peanut butter contain healthier
unsaturated fats.
4. Case Study:
A nurse is educating a patient with iron-deficiency anemia about foods that can improve iron
absorption. Which of the following should the nurse suggest the patient consume with an iron-
rich food to enhance absorption?
A) A glass of milk
B) A cup of tea
C) A citrus fruit
D) A high-fiber snack
Answer: C) A citrus fruit
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (plant-based iron). A citrus fruit
such as an orange is a good choice to pair with iron-rich foods like spinach or beans.
5. Case Study:
A nurse is assessing a patient with a recent diagnosis of celiac disease. The nurse asks the patient
about their usual diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?
A) Chicken breast
B) Whole wheat bread
C) Quinoa
D) Rice
Answer: B) Whole wheat bread
Rationale: Whole wheat bread contains gluten, which triggers an immune response in
individuals with celiac disease. Chicken, quinoa, and rice are naturally gluten-free.
6. Case Study:
A nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension. The nurse is reviewing the
patient’s diet and asks about their salt intake. Which food is most likely to contribute to high
sodium intake?
, A) Fresh vegetables
B) Canned soup
C) Fresh fruit
D) Grilled chicken
Answer: B) Canned soup
Rationale: Canned soups are often high in sodium, which can contribute to elevated blood
pressure. Fresh vegetables, fruit, and grilled chicken are naturally low in sodium.
7. Case Study:
A nurse is educating a patient with heart failure about the importance of fluid restriction. The
nurse asks the patient about their daily fluid intake. Which beverage should the nurse
recommend limiting?
A) Water
B) Herbal tea
C) Milk
D) Sports drinks
Answer: D) Sports drinks
Rationale: Sports drinks often contain high levels of sodium and sugar, which can contribute to
fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms. Water, herbal tea, and milk are healthier
options in moderation.
8. Case Study:
A nurse is teaching a patient who is pregnant about nutritional needs. The nurse recommends
increasing intake of folic acid. Which of the following foods is a good source of folic acid?
A) Salmon
B) Leafy green vegetables
C) Eggs
D) Chicken breast
Answer: B) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are rich in folate, which is essential for fetal development,
particularly in preventing neural tube defects.
9. Case Study:
