1. What is the primary goal of orientation and mobility (O&M) services for
individuals with visual impairments?
A) To teach the individual to use a cane
B) To help individuals navigate their environments safely and independently
C) To develop social skills
D) To learn tactile sign language
Answer: B) To help individuals navigate their environments safely and independently
Rationale: The primary goal of O&M services is to support individuals with visual impairments
in gaining skills and techniques to move about their environment safely and independently.
2. Which of the following is the most commonly used mobility device for
individuals with visual impairments?
A) Wheelchair
B) Guide dog
C) Long cane
D) White cane with a red tip
Answer: C) Long cane
Rationale: The long cane is the most widely used mobility device for individuals with visual
impairments, as it helps to detect obstacles and provides tactile feedback for navigation.
3. What technique is used to describe the concept of traveling from one point to
another while maintaining a mental map of the environment?
A) Landmark technique
B) Route planning
C) Mental mapping
D) Object permanence
Answer: C) Mental mapping
Rationale: Mental mapping involves creating a cognitive map of the environment, which allows
the individual to navigate independently based on spatial memory and landmarks.
4. Which skill is crucial for an individual who is visually impaired when traveling
in an unfamiliar environment?
, A) Use of tactile markings
B) Echolocation
C) Environmental scanning
D) Estimation of distance by counting steps
Answer: C) Environmental scanning
Rationale: Environmental scanning is crucial for detecting and evaluating surroundings. It helps
individuals make judgments about obstacles, changes in terrain, and other important
environmental factors.
5. What is the main purpose of the "sound localization" skill in O&M?
A) To allow a person to use echolocation for navigation
B) To enable individuals to find a desired sound source
C) To develop advanced communication skills
D) To navigate by sound only without other tools
Answer: B) To enable individuals to find a desired sound source
Rationale: Sound localization allows individuals to orient themselves by identifying the
direction and distance of sound sources in their environment.
6. What is an appropriate technique for teaching a student to use a cane to detect
curbs and stairs?
A) Swing the cane randomly in front of the student
B) Use a “two-point touch” technique to detect curbs and stairs
C) Teach the student to only use auditory cues for detection
D) Rely solely on the student's sense of hearing
Answer: B) Use a “two-point touch” technique to detect curbs and stairs
Rationale: The "two-point touch" technique involves using the cane to make contact with the
curb or step at two points (typically one at the base and one at the top) to detect elevation
changes.
7. When teaching a student to cross a street, what is the most critical skill to
focus on?
A) Estimating vehicle speed
B) Identifying auditory traffic cues
C) Navigating with a guide dog
individuals with visual impairments?
A) To teach the individual to use a cane
B) To help individuals navigate their environments safely and independently
C) To develop social skills
D) To learn tactile sign language
Answer: B) To help individuals navigate their environments safely and independently
Rationale: The primary goal of O&M services is to support individuals with visual impairments
in gaining skills and techniques to move about their environment safely and independently.
2. Which of the following is the most commonly used mobility device for
individuals with visual impairments?
A) Wheelchair
B) Guide dog
C) Long cane
D) White cane with a red tip
Answer: C) Long cane
Rationale: The long cane is the most widely used mobility device for individuals with visual
impairments, as it helps to detect obstacles and provides tactile feedback for navigation.
3. What technique is used to describe the concept of traveling from one point to
another while maintaining a mental map of the environment?
A) Landmark technique
B) Route planning
C) Mental mapping
D) Object permanence
Answer: C) Mental mapping
Rationale: Mental mapping involves creating a cognitive map of the environment, which allows
the individual to navigate independently based on spatial memory and landmarks.
4. Which skill is crucial for an individual who is visually impaired when traveling
in an unfamiliar environment?
, A) Use of tactile markings
B) Echolocation
C) Environmental scanning
D) Estimation of distance by counting steps
Answer: C) Environmental scanning
Rationale: Environmental scanning is crucial for detecting and evaluating surroundings. It helps
individuals make judgments about obstacles, changes in terrain, and other important
environmental factors.
5. What is the main purpose of the "sound localization" skill in O&M?
A) To allow a person to use echolocation for navigation
B) To enable individuals to find a desired sound source
C) To develop advanced communication skills
D) To navigate by sound only without other tools
Answer: B) To enable individuals to find a desired sound source
Rationale: Sound localization allows individuals to orient themselves by identifying the
direction and distance of sound sources in their environment.
6. What is an appropriate technique for teaching a student to use a cane to detect
curbs and stairs?
A) Swing the cane randomly in front of the student
B) Use a “two-point touch” technique to detect curbs and stairs
C) Teach the student to only use auditory cues for detection
D) Rely solely on the student's sense of hearing
Answer: B) Use a “two-point touch” technique to detect curbs and stairs
Rationale: The "two-point touch" technique involves using the cane to make contact with the
curb or step at two points (typically one at the base and one at the top) to detect elevation
changes.
7. When teaching a student to cross a street, what is the most critical skill to
focus on?
A) Estimating vehicle speed
B) Identifying auditory traffic cues
C) Navigating with a guide dog
