NURS 231 Module 3 Exam Questions & Answers
(Complete Solutions 100% Correct)
What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity? - ✔✔The primary cells of the
adaptive immune system are the lymphocytes, APCs (antigen presenting cells), and
effector cells.
Describe B & T lymphocytes and discuss their role in immunity: - ✔✔B lymphocytes
produce the antibodies (humoral immunity) and T lymphocytes provide the cell-
mediated immunity. B and T lymphocytes have the unique function as the only cells to
recognize specific antigens present on the surface of pathogens and to remember them
in the future.
What is the function of humoral immunity? - ✔✔B lymphocytes function in humoral
immunity to produce antibodies.
What is the function of cellular immunity? - ✔✔T lymphocytes make up the cellular
immunity and function to activate other T and B cells, control intracellular viral
infections, reject foreign tissue grafts, activate autoimmune processes, and activate
delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
What is the master regulator of the immune system? - ✔✔CD4+ helper T cells
Describe the differences between active and passive immunity? - ✔✔Active
immunity is acquired from an immune response either via vaccination or from
environmental exposure. Active immunity is long lasting but takes days to weeks after
the first exposure to fully develop a response.
Passive immunity is immunity transferred from another source. The most common
example is from mother to fetus, where the IgG antibodies are passed on either via the
, placenta or breast milk or colostrum. Passive immunity is short-term protection lasting
only weeks to months.
What are type I hypersensitivity reactions? - ✔✔IgE-mediated reactions that develop
quickly upon exposure to an antigen.
What cells are involved in type I reactions? (Know their roles.) - ✔✔Mast cells,
basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in the development of type I reactions
because they contain the chemical mediator histamine.
What are type II hypersensitivity reactions? - ✔✔Type II hypersensitivity reactions, or
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions, are antibody-mediated reactions. They are
mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies directed against target antigens on specific host cell
surfaces or tissues.
What are autoimmune disorders? - ✔✔Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's
immune system fails to differentiate self-antigens from nonself antigens and mounts an
immunologic response against host tissues.
What is self-tolerance? - ✔✔The ability to distinguish self from non-self is termed
self-tolerance.
What is autoreactivity? - ✔✔Auto reactivity is the term that describes an organism
acting against its own tissue.
What is anergy? - ✔✔When the loss of lymphocyte response to an antigen occurs
and causes a lack of cellular and/or humoral immunologic response, this is called
anergy. Anergy is the state of immunologic tolerance to specific antigens.
(Complete Solutions 100% Correct)
What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity? - ✔✔The primary cells of the
adaptive immune system are the lymphocytes, APCs (antigen presenting cells), and
effector cells.
Describe B & T lymphocytes and discuss their role in immunity: - ✔✔B lymphocytes
produce the antibodies (humoral immunity) and T lymphocytes provide the cell-
mediated immunity. B and T lymphocytes have the unique function as the only cells to
recognize specific antigens present on the surface of pathogens and to remember them
in the future.
What is the function of humoral immunity? - ✔✔B lymphocytes function in humoral
immunity to produce antibodies.
What is the function of cellular immunity? - ✔✔T lymphocytes make up the cellular
immunity and function to activate other T and B cells, control intracellular viral
infections, reject foreign tissue grafts, activate autoimmune processes, and activate
delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
What is the master regulator of the immune system? - ✔✔CD4+ helper T cells
Describe the differences between active and passive immunity? - ✔✔Active
immunity is acquired from an immune response either via vaccination or from
environmental exposure. Active immunity is long lasting but takes days to weeks after
the first exposure to fully develop a response.
Passive immunity is immunity transferred from another source. The most common
example is from mother to fetus, where the IgG antibodies are passed on either via the
, placenta or breast milk or colostrum. Passive immunity is short-term protection lasting
only weeks to months.
What are type I hypersensitivity reactions? - ✔✔IgE-mediated reactions that develop
quickly upon exposure to an antigen.
What cells are involved in type I reactions? (Know their roles.) - ✔✔Mast cells,
basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in the development of type I reactions
because they contain the chemical mediator histamine.
What are type II hypersensitivity reactions? - ✔✔Type II hypersensitivity reactions, or
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions, are antibody-mediated reactions. They are
mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies directed against target antigens on specific host cell
surfaces or tissues.
What are autoimmune disorders? - ✔✔Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's
immune system fails to differentiate self-antigens from nonself antigens and mounts an
immunologic response against host tissues.
What is self-tolerance? - ✔✔The ability to distinguish self from non-self is termed
self-tolerance.
What is autoreactivity? - ✔✔Auto reactivity is the term that describes an organism
acting against its own tissue.
What is anergy? - ✔✔When the loss of lymphocyte response to an antigen occurs
and causes a lack of cellular and/or humoral immunologic response, this is called
anergy. Anergy is the state of immunologic tolerance to specific antigens.
