1. Which of the following is the primary goal of Orientation and Mobility (O&M)
training for individuals with visual impairments?
A) To teach individuals how to use a white cane B) To ensure individuals can travel
independently and safely C) To promote the use of assistive technology for navigation D) To
help individuals learn how to identify landmarks
Answer: B) To ensure individuals can travel independently and safely
Rationale: The main objective of O&M training is to equip individuals with visual impairments
with the skills needed for independent and safe travel, including but not limited to the use of a
white cane, environmental awareness, and route planning.
2. Which of the following is a key component of an O&M assessment?
A) Cognitive assessment B) Sensory preference assessment C) Physical fitness evaluation D)
Functional vision assessment
Answer: D) Functional vision assessment
Rationale: A functional vision assessment helps determine how an individual uses their vision
for mobility and identifies potential challenges that might need to be addressed during O&M
training.
3. What is the first step in teaching a blind or visually impaired individual how to
use a white cane?
A) Practicing cane techniques indoors B) Demonstrating proper grip and handling C) Learning
about the cane's parts D) Identifying objects using the cane
Answer: B) Demonstrating proper grip and handling
Rationale: The first step in teaching cane use is ensuring the individual understands the proper
grip and handling techniques to gain confidence and control over the cane.
4. Which of the following is the most common technique used for crossing a
street when using a white cane?
A) Parallel technique B) Diagonal technique C) Diagonal crossing technique D) Landmark-based
technique
, Answer: A) Parallel technique
Rationale: The parallel technique involves aligning oneself with the edge of the curb and using
the cane to assess the traffic situation for crossing safely.
5. What is the function of the "protective technique" in O&M?
A) To avoid obstacles in the immediate path B) To establish a landmark-based route C) To detect
the presence of changes in terrain D) To maintain a straight line when walking
Answer: A) To avoid obstacles in the immediate path
Rationale: The protective technique involves positioning the cane in front of the individual to
detect and avoid obstacles ahead, providing safety during travel.
6. What is the purpose of using "trail techniques" in O&M?
A) To navigate on unfamiliar terrain B) To follow a path or a familiar route C) To assess
environmental hazards D) To practice environmental scanning
Answer: B) To follow a path or a familiar route
Rationale: Trail techniques are used to follow a known path, usually by feeling the ground or
objects along the way, such as a wall, fence, or railing.
7. Which of the following O&M skills is critical when traveling in unfamiliar
areas?
A) Understanding pedestrian signals B) Identifying landmarks C) Maintaining cane technique D)
Navigating via GPS technology
Answer: B) Identifying landmarks
Rationale: Identifying landmarks helps individuals orient themselves in unfamiliar areas,
providing reference points for navigation.
8. When teaching a client to use public transportation, the O&M instructor must
emphasize which of the following?
A) The locations of bus stops B) The steps for boarding a bus independently C) Identifying the
appropriate fare D) All of the above
training for individuals with visual impairments?
A) To teach individuals how to use a white cane B) To ensure individuals can travel
independently and safely C) To promote the use of assistive technology for navigation D) To
help individuals learn how to identify landmarks
Answer: B) To ensure individuals can travel independently and safely
Rationale: The main objective of O&M training is to equip individuals with visual impairments
with the skills needed for independent and safe travel, including but not limited to the use of a
white cane, environmental awareness, and route planning.
2. Which of the following is a key component of an O&M assessment?
A) Cognitive assessment B) Sensory preference assessment C) Physical fitness evaluation D)
Functional vision assessment
Answer: D) Functional vision assessment
Rationale: A functional vision assessment helps determine how an individual uses their vision
for mobility and identifies potential challenges that might need to be addressed during O&M
training.
3. What is the first step in teaching a blind or visually impaired individual how to
use a white cane?
A) Practicing cane techniques indoors B) Demonstrating proper grip and handling C) Learning
about the cane's parts D) Identifying objects using the cane
Answer: B) Demonstrating proper grip and handling
Rationale: The first step in teaching cane use is ensuring the individual understands the proper
grip and handling techniques to gain confidence and control over the cane.
4. Which of the following is the most common technique used for crossing a
street when using a white cane?
A) Parallel technique B) Diagonal technique C) Diagonal crossing technique D) Landmark-based
technique
, Answer: A) Parallel technique
Rationale: The parallel technique involves aligning oneself with the edge of the curb and using
the cane to assess the traffic situation for crossing safely.
5. What is the function of the "protective technique" in O&M?
A) To avoid obstacles in the immediate path B) To establish a landmark-based route C) To detect
the presence of changes in terrain D) To maintain a straight line when walking
Answer: A) To avoid obstacles in the immediate path
Rationale: The protective technique involves positioning the cane in front of the individual to
detect and avoid obstacles ahead, providing safety during travel.
6. What is the purpose of using "trail techniques" in O&M?
A) To navigate on unfamiliar terrain B) To follow a path or a familiar route C) To assess
environmental hazards D) To practice environmental scanning
Answer: B) To follow a path or a familiar route
Rationale: Trail techniques are used to follow a known path, usually by feeling the ground or
objects along the way, such as a wall, fence, or railing.
7. Which of the following O&M skills is critical when traveling in unfamiliar
areas?
A) Understanding pedestrian signals B) Identifying landmarks C) Maintaining cane technique D)
Navigating via GPS technology
Answer: B) Identifying landmarks
Rationale: Identifying landmarks helps individuals orient themselves in unfamiliar areas,
providing reference points for navigation.
8. When teaching a client to use public transportation, the O&M instructor must
emphasize which of the following?
A) The locations of bus stops B) The steps for boarding a bus independently C) Identifying the
appropriate fare D) All of the above
