Question 1:
Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of erythropoietin?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Bone marrow
D) Spleen
Answer: B) Kidneys
Rationale:
The kidneys produce erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. This hormone
stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. The liver also produces some
erythropoietin, but the primary source is the kidneys.
Question 2:
Which of the following muscles is involved in the process of respiration?
A) Rectus abdominis
B) Diaphragm
C) Trapezius
D) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: B) Diaphragm
Rationale:
The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in respiration. When it contracts, it moves
downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and allowing the lungs to expand. The
other muscles listed do not play a direct role in normal respiration.
Question 3:
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Production of red blood cells
C) Removal of interstitial fluid and defense against pathogens
D) Secretion of hormones
Answer: C) Removal of interstitial fluid and defense against pathogens
,Rationale:
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by collecting
excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream. Additionally, it is involved in immune
defense by filtering pathogens through lymph nodes.
Question 4:
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
Rationale:
The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem and controls vital functions such as heart rate,
blood pressure, and respiratory rate. It contains the cardiovascular and respiratory centers that
regulate these functions.
Question 5:
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale:
Insulin is produced and secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. It helps lower blood glucose
levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as
glycogen.
Question 6:
, Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption in the
digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Liver
Answer: B) Small intestine
Rationale:
The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. Its walls
are lined with villi and microvilli, which increase surface area for absorption of nutrients such as
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Question 7:
Which of the following is the main function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
A) Oxygen transport
B) Immune defense
C) Blood clotting
D) Hormone secretion
Answer: A) Oxygen transport
Rationale:
The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and
carry carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. This is accomplished through the binding
of oxygen to hemoglobin molecules within the RBCs.
Question 8:
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
A) To initiate the electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat
B) To regulate blood pressure
C) To release hormones that influence heart rate
D) To store calcium for muscle contraction
Answer: A) To initiate the electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat
Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of erythropoietin?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Bone marrow
D) Spleen
Answer: B) Kidneys
Rationale:
The kidneys produce erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels in the blood. This hormone
stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. The liver also produces some
erythropoietin, but the primary source is the kidneys.
Question 2:
Which of the following muscles is involved in the process of respiration?
A) Rectus abdominis
B) Diaphragm
C) Trapezius
D) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: B) Diaphragm
Rationale:
The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in respiration. When it contracts, it moves
downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and allowing the lungs to expand. The
other muscles listed do not play a direct role in normal respiration.
Question 3:
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Production of red blood cells
C) Removal of interstitial fluid and defense against pathogens
D) Secretion of hormones
Answer: C) Removal of interstitial fluid and defense against pathogens
,Rationale:
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by collecting
excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream. Additionally, it is involved in immune
defense by filtering pathogens through lymph nodes.
Question 4:
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate and blood pressure?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
Rationale:
The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem and controls vital functions such as heart rate,
blood pressure, and respiratory rate. It contains the cardiovascular and respiratory centers that
regulate these functions.
Question 5:
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale:
Insulin is produced and secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. It helps lower blood glucose
levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as
glycogen.
Question 6:
, Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption in the
digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Liver
Answer: B) Small intestine
Rationale:
The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. Its walls
are lined with villi and microvilli, which increase surface area for absorption of nutrients such as
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Question 7:
Which of the following is the main function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
A) Oxygen transport
B) Immune defense
C) Blood clotting
D) Hormone secretion
Answer: A) Oxygen transport
Rationale:
The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and
carry carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. This is accomplished through the binding
of oxygen to hemoglobin molecules within the RBCs.
Question 8:
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
A) To initiate the electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat
B) To regulate blood pressure
C) To release hormones that influence heart rate
D) To store calcium for muscle contraction
Answer: A) To initiate the electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat
