POLI 2051- Exam 3 Review
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
(Mass) News Media - ✔✔technology that allows individuals to communicate efficiently
with a large group and over distances
According to the survey, all students collective got the majority of their information
from the - ✔✔internet
According to the survey, __ was the second most popular media news source -
✔✔television
According to the survey, __ was the least popular media source to collect news -
✔✔newspapers
According to the survey, __ preferred internet over any other media source -
✔✔democratic, republicans, and independents
In political science, we are primarily concerned with information media because - ✔✔it
informs us as citizens
How do candidates & politicians use the media? - ✔✔Image building through media
Controlled media - ✔✔candidates control the content of the message
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,types of advertisements - ✔✔-positive (acclaim)
-negative (attacks)
-defenses
Positive (acclaim) ads - ✔✔-self-praise; "I will improve education," "I will work for a
prescription drug benefit."
-Not trashing an opponent but praising yourself
Negative (attack) ads - ✔✔-criticism of opponent
-"My opponent opposes tax cuts for Americans
Defense ads - ✔✔responses to attacks
Negative ads - ✔✔focus on the opponent
reason to vote against
History of Ads: - ✔✔-1st presidential ads were aired in 1952; Eisenhower
-Early days: sold candidates like products; jingles & cartoons
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-Daisy Girl Ad started attack advertising
-After years of attack ads, Congress tried to limit them with Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act of 2002
-Didn't really work-other groups stepped up the efforts
What do you do if you're attacked - ✔✔Counterattack on the same issue- red phone ad
from 2008
Why do candidates attack, especially since we are generally against negativity? - ✔✔-
Out of fear; more attacks in a close race
-Because they work; they tend to be remembered better
Uncontrolled media - ✔✔candidates have less control over the content (Trump relied
heavily on this)
Debates - ✔✔-First debate in the presidential general election was in 1960 with Nixon vs
Kennedy. The next ones weren't held until 1976, and we had at least one every
presidential election
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Debates - ✔✔tend to be more positive than negative, but that trend has not been as
evident in the most recent presidential election
Horse-race coverage - ✔✔not as much about substance
Tells who is winning and who is losing
Pack journalism - ✔✔normally you get the same kind of info
style over substance - ✔✔how you present yourself
anything is newsworthy mentality - ✔✔anything is subject to news-cover, there were
things that the press shouldn't cover but now they do
Characteristics of media coverage of politics - ✔✔-Horse-race coverage
-Issueless
-Pack journalism
-Style over substance
-Anything is newsworthy mentality
-Interpretative
-Negative
Fake news - ✔✔referred to as the world of alternative facts
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
(Mass) News Media - ✔✔technology that allows individuals to communicate efficiently
with a large group and over distances
According to the survey, all students collective got the majority of their information
from the - ✔✔internet
According to the survey, __ was the second most popular media news source -
✔✔television
According to the survey, __ was the least popular media source to collect news -
✔✔newspapers
According to the survey, __ preferred internet over any other media source -
✔✔democratic, republicans, and independents
In political science, we are primarily concerned with information media because - ✔✔it
informs us as citizens
How do candidates & politicians use the media? - ✔✔Image building through media
Controlled media - ✔✔candidates control the content of the message
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,types of advertisements - ✔✔-positive (acclaim)
-negative (attacks)
-defenses
Positive (acclaim) ads - ✔✔-self-praise; "I will improve education," "I will work for a
prescription drug benefit."
-Not trashing an opponent but praising yourself
Negative (attack) ads - ✔✔-criticism of opponent
-"My opponent opposes tax cuts for Americans
Defense ads - ✔✔responses to attacks
Negative ads - ✔✔focus on the opponent
reason to vote against
History of Ads: - ✔✔-1st presidential ads were aired in 1952; Eisenhower
-Early days: sold candidates like products; jingles & cartoons
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-Daisy Girl Ad started attack advertising
-After years of attack ads, Congress tried to limit them with Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act of 2002
-Didn't really work-other groups stepped up the efforts
What do you do if you're attacked - ✔✔Counterattack on the same issue- red phone ad
from 2008
Why do candidates attack, especially since we are generally against negativity? - ✔✔-
Out of fear; more attacks in a close race
-Because they work; they tend to be remembered better
Uncontrolled media - ✔✔candidates have less control over the content (Trump relied
heavily on this)
Debates - ✔✔-First debate in the presidential general election was in 1960 with Nixon vs
Kennedy. The next ones weren't held until 1976, and we had at least one every
presidential election
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Debates - ✔✔tend to be more positive than negative, but that trend has not been as
evident in the most recent presidential election
Horse-race coverage - ✔✔not as much about substance
Tells who is winning and who is losing
Pack journalism - ✔✔normally you get the same kind of info
style over substance - ✔✔how you present yourself
anything is newsworthy mentality - ✔✔anything is subject to news-cover, there were
things that the press shouldn't cover but now they do
Characteristics of media coverage of politics - ✔✔-Horse-race coverage
-Issueless
-Pack journalism
-Style over substance
-Anything is newsworthy mentality
-Interpretative
-Negative
Fake news - ✔✔referred to as the world of alternative facts
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
