WOCN Continence Final Exam Study Guide | Verified
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A congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and
physical abnormalities - ANS Downs Syndrome
The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or
injury - ANS Degeneration
The passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organ - ANS Infiltration
A wasting; decrease in size of an organ or tissue - ANS Atrophy
The enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase in size of cells composing it - ANS
Hypertrophy
Pathological death of cells, tissues and organs while still a part of the living organism - ANS
Necrosis
causes of necrosis - ANS -Trauma
-Interference with Blood supply
-Extreme Temperatures
-Chemical agents
-Loss of nerve supply
Form of cell death in which the tissue appears as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.
Often caused by Tuberculosis. - ANS Caseous necrosis
,A form of liquefactive necrosis that results from bacterial or fungal infections developing in
areas of dead tissue. - ANS Wet gangrene
A form of necrosis that occurs when tissues become dehydrated due to reduction in blood
supply. - ANS Dry gangrene (ischemic necrosis)
A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness,
pain and sometimes loss of function - ANS Inflammation
Functions of inflammation - ANS -protection from foreign organisms
-removal of dead and necrotic tissues
-repair of tissue trauma
Causes of inflammation - ANS -Physical irritants
-Chemical irritants
-Infectious agents
-Immunological reactions
When Ernest returns home late after an evening of smoking cigars, drinking beer, and playing
poker with the boys, his wife clobbers him over the head with a frying pan, causing a bump to
form on his scalp. The bump on Earnest's head is an example of inflammation caused by: - ANS
Physical irritants
A scar left by a healed wound - ANS Cicatrix (repaired tissue)
A rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection: - ANS Pyrexia
The scientific term for swelling: - ANS Tumor
Process of Inflammation (both vascular and cellular) - ANS *Vasodilation* - greater blood flow
to the area = redness and heat.
,*Vascular permeability* - endothelial cells spread apart
*Exudation* - fluids escape from the intravascular space
*Vascular stasis* - slowing of the blood allows chemical mediators and inflammatory cells to
collect and respond to the stimulus.
Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation - ANS -Heat
-Redness
-Swelling
-Pain
-Altered function
-Pyrexia
Three stages of pyrexia: - ANS 1. Invasion - when pyrexia first appears
2. Fastigium - the height of the pyrexia
3. Defervescence - the lessening of the pyrexia
Inflamed area of pus walled off by a membrane - ANS Abscess
Open sore or lesion accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue - ANS Ulcer
Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid - ANS Vesicle
Abscess due to a pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle - ANS Furuncle
Boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with production and discharge of pus - ANS
Carbuncle
, Small elevation of the skin containing pus - ANS Pustule
An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ. - ANS Fistula
Rapidly spreading destructive ulceration of soft tissue. - ANS Phagedena
Any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris -
ANS Exudates
Exudates primarily composed of pus resulting from infections - ANS Purulent
Exudates which contain blood - ANS Hemorrhagic
Exudates which contain plasma, are rich in proteins and white blood cells - ANS Serous
A patient treated for an infection developing a severe allergic reaction to the antibiotics
administered would be an example of which of the following? - ANS Iatrogenic disorder
Characteristics of *Benign* tumors - ANS -Grow by expansion
-Encapsulated
-Do not migrate (do not metastasize)
-Do not cause extensive tissue damage
-Resemble tissue from which they originated
-Generally do not return after surgical removal
-Generally are not fatal
Characteristics of *Malignant* tumors - ANS -Grow by infiltration
-Non-encapsulated
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A congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and
physical abnormalities - ANS Downs Syndrome
The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease or
injury - ANS Degeneration
The passage and accumulation of a substance into cells, tissues, or organ - ANS Infiltration
A wasting; decrease in size of an organ or tissue - ANS Atrophy
The enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase in size of cells composing it - ANS
Hypertrophy
Pathological death of cells, tissues and organs while still a part of the living organism - ANS
Necrosis
causes of necrosis - ANS -Trauma
-Interference with Blood supply
-Extreme Temperatures
-Chemical agents
-Loss of nerve supply
Form of cell death in which the tissue appears as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.
Often caused by Tuberculosis. - ANS Caseous necrosis
,A form of liquefactive necrosis that results from bacterial or fungal infections developing in
areas of dead tissue. - ANS Wet gangrene
A form of necrosis that occurs when tissues become dehydrated due to reduction in blood
supply. - ANS Dry gangrene (ischemic necrosis)
A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness,
pain and sometimes loss of function - ANS Inflammation
Functions of inflammation - ANS -protection from foreign organisms
-removal of dead and necrotic tissues
-repair of tissue trauma
Causes of inflammation - ANS -Physical irritants
-Chemical irritants
-Infectious agents
-Immunological reactions
When Ernest returns home late after an evening of smoking cigars, drinking beer, and playing
poker with the boys, his wife clobbers him over the head with a frying pan, causing a bump to
form on his scalp. The bump on Earnest's head is an example of inflammation caused by: - ANS
Physical irritants
A scar left by a healed wound - ANS Cicatrix (repaired tissue)
A rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection: - ANS Pyrexia
The scientific term for swelling: - ANS Tumor
Process of Inflammation (both vascular and cellular) - ANS *Vasodilation* - greater blood flow
to the area = redness and heat.
,*Vascular permeability* - endothelial cells spread apart
*Exudation* - fluids escape from the intravascular space
*Vascular stasis* - slowing of the blood allows chemical mediators and inflammatory cells to
collect and respond to the stimulus.
Signs and Symptoms of Inflammation - ANS -Heat
-Redness
-Swelling
-Pain
-Altered function
-Pyrexia
Three stages of pyrexia: - ANS 1. Invasion - when pyrexia first appears
2. Fastigium - the height of the pyrexia
3. Defervescence - the lessening of the pyrexia
Inflamed area of pus walled off by a membrane - ANS Abscess
Open sore or lesion accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue - ANS Ulcer
Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid - ANS Vesicle
Abscess due to a pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle - ANS Furuncle
Boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with production and discharge of pus - ANS
Carbuncle
, Small elevation of the skin containing pus - ANS Pustule
An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ. - ANS Fistula
Rapidly spreading destructive ulceration of soft tissue. - ANS Phagedena
Any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris -
ANS Exudates
Exudates primarily composed of pus resulting from infections - ANS Purulent
Exudates which contain blood - ANS Hemorrhagic
Exudates which contain plasma, are rich in proteins and white blood cells - ANS Serous
A patient treated for an infection developing a severe allergic reaction to the antibiotics
administered would be an example of which of the following? - ANS Iatrogenic disorder
Characteristics of *Benign* tumors - ANS -Grow by expansion
-Encapsulated
-Do not migrate (do not metastasize)
-Do not cause extensive tissue damage
-Resemble tissue from which they originated
-Generally do not return after surgical removal
-Generally are not fatal
Characteristics of *Malignant* tumors - ANS -Grow by infiltration
-Non-encapsulated
