CogSci 200 Final, FINAL EXAM
(COGSCI 200) Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
consequentialist view of rationality - ✔✔performing actions that achieve the best
outcomes (that maximize utility).
functional level - ✔✔problem the capacity is supposed to solve
algorithmic level - ✔✔procedures that enable the problem to be solved
physical level - ✔✔the neural/chemical substrates in which the procedures are
implemented
representativeness heuristic - ✔✔a heuristic in which judgments of probability are
made on the basis assessments of similarity
conjunction fallacy - ✔✔example of a square being occupied by "Linda's" probable jobs
and hobbies.
conjunction fallacy and base rate neglect - ✔✔representativeness heuristic leads to
__________ and ____________
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,availability heuristic - ✔✔a heuristic in which judgments of frequency or proportion are
made by the ease with which examples come to mind
affect heuristic - ✔✔a heuristic in which a host of complex judgments are made on the
basis of quick affecti ve "gut" reactions
framing effect - ✔✔the finding that people react to a particular choice in different ways
depending on how it is presented
doctrine of double effect - ✔✔It is permissible to cause a foreseen but unintended harm
as a side effect(or "double effect") of bringing about a good end, even though it would
not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good
end.
intutition - ✔✔this system of heuristics and biases are fast and effortless
reasoning - ✔✔this system of heuristics and biases are slow and effortful
Kahneman's view - ✔✔reasoning (system 2) monitoring is very lax. EX: baseball and bat
problem
John Locke - ✔✔he believed that none of the mind is modular
Popular view - ✔✔the mind has central cognition as well as modules
evolutionary view - ✔✔these theorists believe nearly the entire mind is modular
representativeness heuristic example - ✔✔Linda the bank teller
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,availability heuristic example - ✔✔words with "N" in the first position versus third
position example
affect heuristic example - ✔✔buying stock in Ford without doing a ton of research
framing effects example - ✔✔Asian disease example
neuroeconomics - ✔✔an emerging field that brings together the mathematical models
drawn from economics and neuroscientific methods that are well-suited for
illuminating brain mechanisms
striatum - ✔✔a major component of the basal ganglia. Involved in processing rewards
and punishments and in action control
thalamus - ✔✔involved in relaying sensory information from sensory cortices to other
regions
amygdala - ✔✔involved in processing emotions, especially fear
striatum - ✔✔brain structure that represents the rewardingness of outcomes
ventral tegmental area - ✔✔neurons here behave like a prediction error signal, so they
represent the prediction error signal from the TDL algorithm
ventral medial prefrontal cortex - ✔✔represents the value function from the Q learning
algorithm
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, affective gut reactions - ✔✔_____ ______ ______ correspond to Q values and they are
represented in ventral medial prefrontal cortex
cocktail party effect - ✔✔illustrates the ability to selectively focus on one among
multiple stimuli
overt attention - ✔✔refers to where the subject is directing their senses EX: where they
are pointing their pupils
covert attention - ✔✔what we are interested in; it is the set of mental processes that
selectively enhance targeted stimuli
early selection attention theory - ✔✔the "gate" closes after the sensory input, letting
only certain inputs be percieved
late selection attention theory - ✔✔attention is filtered after the sensory input has been
percieved
dichotic listening task - ✔✔a person listens to two different sources of speech in
headphones, then must report what is going on in a channel at a given time
flexible selection attention theory - ✔✔attention operates at multiple points along the
processing hierarchy depending on the task and the person's goals
voluntary attention - ✔✔top-down voluntary allocation EX: cocktail party effect
stimulus driven attention - ✔✔bottom-up automatic allocation EX: visual pop-out effect
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(COGSCI 200) Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
consequentialist view of rationality - ✔✔performing actions that achieve the best
outcomes (that maximize utility).
functional level - ✔✔problem the capacity is supposed to solve
algorithmic level - ✔✔procedures that enable the problem to be solved
physical level - ✔✔the neural/chemical substrates in which the procedures are
implemented
representativeness heuristic - ✔✔a heuristic in which judgments of probability are
made on the basis assessments of similarity
conjunction fallacy - ✔✔example of a square being occupied by "Linda's" probable jobs
and hobbies.
conjunction fallacy and base rate neglect - ✔✔representativeness heuristic leads to
__________ and ____________
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,availability heuristic - ✔✔a heuristic in which judgments of frequency or proportion are
made by the ease with which examples come to mind
affect heuristic - ✔✔a heuristic in which a host of complex judgments are made on the
basis of quick affecti ve "gut" reactions
framing effect - ✔✔the finding that people react to a particular choice in different ways
depending on how it is presented
doctrine of double effect - ✔✔It is permissible to cause a foreseen but unintended harm
as a side effect(or "double effect") of bringing about a good end, even though it would
not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good
end.
intutition - ✔✔this system of heuristics and biases are fast and effortless
reasoning - ✔✔this system of heuristics and biases are slow and effortful
Kahneman's view - ✔✔reasoning (system 2) monitoring is very lax. EX: baseball and bat
problem
John Locke - ✔✔he believed that none of the mind is modular
Popular view - ✔✔the mind has central cognition as well as modules
evolutionary view - ✔✔these theorists believe nearly the entire mind is modular
representativeness heuristic example - ✔✔Linda the bank teller
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,availability heuristic example - ✔✔words with "N" in the first position versus third
position example
affect heuristic example - ✔✔buying stock in Ford without doing a ton of research
framing effects example - ✔✔Asian disease example
neuroeconomics - ✔✔an emerging field that brings together the mathematical models
drawn from economics and neuroscientific methods that are well-suited for
illuminating brain mechanisms
striatum - ✔✔a major component of the basal ganglia. Involved in processing rewards
and punishments and in action control
thalamus - ✔✔involved in relaying sensory information from sensory cortices to other
regions
amygdala - ✔✔involved in processing emotions, especially fear
striatum - ✔✔brain structure that represents the rewardingness of outcomes
ventral tegmental area - ✔✔neurons here behave like a prediction error signal, so they
represent the prediction error signal from the TDL algorithm
ventral medial prefrontal cortex - ✔✔represents the value function from the Q learning
algorithm
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, affective gut reactions - ✔✔_____ ______ ______ correspond to Q values and they are
represented in ventral medial prefrontal cortex
cocktail party effect - ✔✔illustrates the ability to selectively focus on one among
multiple stimuli
overt attention - ✔✔refers to where the subject is directing their senses EX: where they
are pointing their pupils
covert attention - ✔✔what we are interested in; it is the set of mental processes that
selectively enhance targeted stimuli
early selection attention theory - ✔✔the "gate" closes after the sensory input, letting
only certain inputs be percieved
late selection attention theory - ✔✔attention is filtered after the sensory input has been
percieved
dichotic listening task - ✔✔a person listens to two different sources of speech in
headphones, then must report what is going on in a channel at a given time
flexible selection attention theory - ✔✔attention operates at multiple points along the
processing hierarchy depending on the task and the person's goals
voluntary attention - ✔✔top-down voluntary allocation EX: cocktail party effect
stimulus driven attention - ✔✔bottom-up automatic allocation EX: visual pop-out effect
EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
