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Biology 20- Unit D Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Homeostasis - ✔✔the process by which the human body maintains a stable internal environment
Negative Feedback Loop - ✔✔when a system is out of balance, this is detected by a sensor, which triggers
an effector to change the internal conditions to bring the back into the normal range
Macromolecule - ✔✔a large molecule; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates - ✔✔starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of
energy
5 Important Simple Sugars - ✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose
3 Polysaccharides Important in Human Nutrition - ✔✔starch, glycogen, cellulose
Proteins - ✔✔complex molecules composed of single units of amino acids
Peptide Chains - ✔✔long chains of amino acids
Lipids (Fats) - ✔✔important energy storage molecule in the body as well as important in the structure
and functions of cell membranes and hormones as they don't dissolve in water
Dehydration Synthesis - ✔✔an enzyme-controlled composition reaction in which compounds are formed
by the removal of water; for each bond formed, another water molecule is produced
Hydrolysis - ✔✔the decomposition of a compound in a reaction by using water; for each bond broken,
another water molecule is required
Author. Emily Charlene, ©2025 All Rights Reserved.
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Enzymes - ✔✔specific types of proteins that help regulate the many different chemical reactions that
occur in your body; proteins that speed up or catalyze chemical reaction
Catalyze - ✔✔to increase the rate of reaction
Substrate Molecule - ✔✔a molecule that an enzyme interacts with chemically
Feedback Inhibition - ✔✔the process by which the accumulated end product of a biochemical pathway
stops the synthesis of that product
Environmental Conditions that Cause an Enzyme to Stop Functioning Properly - ✔✔- denatured by heat
- denatured by low pH
- temperature is too low
Physical Digestion - ✔✔Breaking food down into smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion - ✔✔the process of breaking down large macromolecules into their subunits by
enzymes
Digestion in the Mouth - ✔✔physical breakdown of food by chewing, chemical breakdown of starch by
salivary amylase
Sphincter - ✔✔a ringlike muscular structure that normally maintains constriction of a natural body
passage or orifice and that relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning
Peristalsis - ✔✔the wavelike series of muscular contractions and relaxations in structures such as the
esophagus
Pepsin - ✔✔a digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins to
peptides
Author. Emily Charlene, ©2025 All Rights Reserved.
Biology 20- Unit D Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Homeostasis - ✔✔the process by which the human body maintains a stable internal environment
Negative Feedback Loop - ✔✔when a system is out of balance, this is detected by a sensor, which triggers
an effector to change the internal conditions to bring the back into the normal range
Macromolecule - ✔✔a large molecule; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates - ✔✔starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of
energy
5 Important Simple Sugars - ✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, ribose
3 Polysaccharides Important in Human Nutrition - ✔✔starch, glycogen, cellulose
Proteins - ✔✔complex molecules composed of single units of amino acids
Peptide Chains - ✔✔long chains of amino acids
Lipids (Fats) - ✔✔important energy storage molecule in the body as well as important in the structure
and functions of cell membranes and hormones as they don't dissolve in water
Dehydration Synthesis - ✔✔an enzyme-controlled composition reaction in which compounds are formed
by the removal of water; for each bond formed, another water molecule is produced
Hydrolysis - ✔✔the decomposition of a compound in a reaction by using water; for each bond broken,
another water molecule is required
Author. Emily Charlene, ©2025 All Rights Reserved.
, 2|Page
Enzymes - ✔✔specific types of proteins that help regulate the many different chemical reactions that
occur in your body; proteins that speed up or catalyze chemical reaction
Catalyze - ✔✔to increase the rate of reaction
Substrate Molecule - ✔✔a molecule that an enzyme interacts with chemically
Feedback Inhibition - ✔✔the process by which the accumulated end product of a biochemical pathway
stops the synthesis of that product
Environmental Conditions that Cause an Enzyme to Stop Functioning Properly - ✔✔- denatured by heat
- denatured by low pH
- temperature is too low
Physical Digestion - ✔✔Breaking food down into smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion - ✔✔the process of breaking down large macromolecules into their subunits by
enzymes
Digestion in the Mouth - ✔✔physical breakdown of food by chewing, chemical breakdown of starch by
salivary amylase
Sphincter - ✔✔a ringlike muscular structure that normally maintains constriction of a natural body
passage or orifice and that relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning
Peristalsis - ✔✔the wavelike series of muscular contractions and relaxations in structures such as the
esophagus
Pepsin - ✔✔a digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins to
peptides
Author. Emily Charlene, ©2025 All Rights Reserved.
