Pharmacology Exam 1 Ch 1-6 Lehne's
N109 2025 with 100% correct answers
Pharmacokinetics - correct answers ✔✔Body>>>> drug
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Absorption - correct answers ✔✔determines the intensity of the effects and how soon they will appear
3 ways to cross a cell membrane - correct answers ✔✔- channels and pores(electrolytes/ions)
- transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
- direct penetration of the membrane(lipid soluble)
blood-brain barrier - correct answers ✔✔Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances
enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
Routes of Drug Administration: - correct answers ✔✔Parenteral-(via injection)
Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous (SC)
Enteral/Oral- by mouth
drug metabolization - correct answers ✔✔structural enzyme change
P450 system (cytochrome P450) - correct answers ✔✔oxidizing enzymes that detoxify things. This
improves solubility which allows them to enter the kidneys and be released as waste
12 enzyme families
What enzymes of Cytochrome P450 metabolize drugs? - correct answers ✔✔CYP 1,2,3
What are therapeutic consequences of metabolism? - correct answers ✔✔Accelerated renal secretion
,Drug inactivation
increased therapeutic action
Activation of pro drugs
increased or decreased toxicity
Prodrugs are - correct answers ✔✔inactive in their administered form and must be metabolized in the
liver to an active form so as to be effective
Considerations for drug metabolism - correct answers ✔✔Age
induction and inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes
Faster metabolization of a drug =____ - correct answers ✔✔need a higher dosage
Induction of metabolic enzymes - correct answers ✔✔stimulating enzyme synthesis
drug excretion - correct answers ✔✔the process of eliminating medications, usually through the kidneys
in urine, but also through sweat, feces, and saliva, milk production
kidney excretion - correct answers ✔✔-blood is filtered through the glomerulus of the kidneys
-molecules that are sufficiently polar from metabolism will be excreted out of the nephron
-those that are still not polar enough will be re-absorbed back into the blood
Active tubular secretion - correct answers ✔✔active transport systems in the renal tubule work to move
some drugs from the blood and into the urine (Acids and bases)
passive tubular reabsorption - correct answers ✔✔drugs that are lipid-soluble undergo passive
reabsorption from the tubule back into the blood
Polar and ionized stay in urine
glomerular filtration - correct answers ✔✔moves drugs from blood to urine
, protein bound drugs are not filtered
Pharmacodynamics - correct answers ✔✔what the drug does to the body
dose-response relationship - correct answers ✔✔the relationship between the different doses and the
responses they generate
What do dose response relationships determine? - correct answers ✔✔minimum effective does
maximum response elicited
how to increase dosage to desired response
relative potency - correct answers ✔✔the amount of drug that must be given to elicit an effect
Potency vs Efficacy - correct answers ✔✔potency: amount of drug necessary to produce desired
effect(concentration)
efficacy: ability of drug to achieve desired effect
Because morphine is more potent than meperidine, is it a better drug? - correct answers ✔✔no. You
simply have to administer less to achieve the same result.
Receptor - correct answers ✔✔DRUG BINDS HERE
on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a
hormone
What do all drugs do at recptors? - correct answers ✔✔mimic the response of body's own regulatory
molecules
Drugs cannot make body do anything it is not already capable of
What are the 4 primary receptor families? - correct answers ✔✔Cell membrane-embedded enzymes
Ligand-gated ion channels
N109 2025 with 100% correct answers
Pharmacokinetics - correct answers ✔✔Body>>>> drug
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Absorption - correct answers ✔✔determines the intensity of the effects and how soon they will appear
3 ways to cross a cell membrane - correct answers ✔✔- channels and pores(electrolytes/ions)
- transport systems (P-glycoprotein)
- direct penetration of the membrane(lipid soluble)
blood-brain barrier - correct answers ✔✔Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances
enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
Routes of Drug Administration: - correct answers ✔✔Parenteral-(via injection)
Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous (SC)
Enteral/Oral- by mouth
drug metabolization - correct answers ✔✔structural enzyme change
P450 system (cytochrome P450) - correct answers ✔✔oxidizing enzymes that detoxify things. This
improves solubility which allows them to enter the kidneys and be released as waste
12 enzyme families
What enzymes of Cytochrome P450 metabolize drugs? - correct answers ✔✔CYP 1,2,3
What are therapeutic consequences of metabolism? - correct answers ✔✔Accelerated renal secretion
,Drug inactivation
increased therapeutic action
Activation of pro drugs
increased or decreased toxicity
Prodrugs are - correct answers ✔✔inactive in their administered form and must be metabolized in the
liver to an active form so as to be effective
Considerations for drug metabolism - correct answers ✔✔Age
induction and inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes
Faster metabolization of a drug =____ - correct answers ✔✔need a higher dosage
Induction of metabolic enzymes - correct answers ✔✔stimulating enzyme synthesis
drug excretion - correct answers ✔✔the process of eliminating medications, usually through the kidneys
in urine, but also through sweat, feces, and saliva, milk production
kidney excretion - correct answers ✔✔-blood is filtered through the glomerulus of the kidneys
-molecules that are sufficiently polar from metabolism will be excreted out of the nephron
-those that are still not polar enough will be re-absorbed back into the blood
Active tubular secretion - correct answers ✔✔active transport systems in the renal tubule work to move
some drugs from the blood and into the urine (Acids and bases)
passive tubular reabsorption - correct answers ✔✔drugs that are lipid-soluble undergo passive
reabsorption from the tubule back into the blood
Polar and ionized stay in urine
glomerular filtration - correct answers ✔✔moves drugs from blood to urine
, protein bound drugs are not filtered
Pharmacodynamics - correct answers ✔✔what the drug does to the body
dose-response relationship - correct answers ✔✔the relationship between the different doses and the
responses they generate
What do dose response relationships determine? - correct answers ✔✔minimum effective does
maximum response elicited
how to increase dosage to desired response
relative potency - correct answers ✔✔the amount of drug that must be given to elicit an effect
Potency vs Efficacy - correct answers ✔✔potency: amount of drug necessary to produce desired
effect(concentration)
efficacy: ability of drug to achieve desired effect
Because morphine is more potent than meperidine, is it a better drug? - correct answers ✔✔no. You
simply have to administer less to achieve the same result.
Receptor - correct answers ✔✔DRUG BINDS HERE
on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a
hormone
What do all drugs do at recptors? - correct answers ✔✔mimic the response of body's own regulatory
molecules
Drugs cannot make body do anything it is not already capable of
What are the 4 primary receptor families? - correct answers ✔✔Cell membrane-embedded enzymes
Ligand-gated ion channels
