NS 1410 Exam2 -QUESTIONS/ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025
Organic Nutrients - ✔✔contains:
- carbon
- carbohydrates
- fat
- protein
- vitamins
Inorganic Nutrients - ✔✔contains:
- DO NOT contain carbon
- minerals
- water
Calorie - ✔✔(kilocalorie) unit of measuring heat energy needed to raise 1 kg of water to 1
degree celcius
Has calories:
1. carbohydrate
2. fat
3. protein
Has no calories:
1. water
2. minerals
3. vitamins
,Phytochemicals - ✔✔non-nutrient compounds found in plants that give them their aroma,
color, and flavor; yield no energy
DRI - ✔✔(dietary reference intakes):
composed of RDA, EAR, AI, UL, ADMR, & EER
RDA - ✔✔(recommended dietary allowances):
RECOMMENDED NOT REQUIRED
yardstick for measuring healthy people's energy and nutrient intakes; average daily intake level
required to meet the needs of 97%-98% of most healthy ppl in each category. Guide for
HEALTHY PPL ONLY
Uses of the RDA - ✔✔1. to plan and evaluate diets of the population
2. estimate risk of deficiencies over time
3. determine the adequacy of diets in surveys
4. establish guidelines for food assistants programs
5. guidelines for food labeling
6. develop new food products
UL - ✔✔(tolerable upper intake levels):
maximum level of nutrients intake that is unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects
- need for ULs grew out of increase in the practice of fortifying foods coupled w/ the popular
use of supplements
AI - ✔✔(adequate intake):
recommended average daily intake level for nutrients; based on observations and expermintally
determined estimates of nutrient intakes by healthy ppl
- used when the RDA hasn't been established
, EAR - ✔✔(estimated average requirement):
average daily intake level of nutrients that will meet the needs of 50% of ppl. expressed as a
daily value averaged over time (@ least 1 week)
- If EAR can't be determined for nutrient, then it can't have RDA, so AI value determined
AMDR - ✔✔(acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges):
% of the energy intake that should come from each macronutrient
Percent Daily Value - ✔✔how much a serving of food contributes to your overall intake of
the listed nutrients on the facts panel
- 5/20 rule: less than 5% DV of nutrient = low, more than 20% DV of a nutrient = high
- based on a 2,000 calorie diet
- RDI standards for foods with RDA (protein & vitamins)
- DRV standards for foods w/o RDA (fiber, cholesterol, saturated fats)
Appetite - ✔✔psychological desire to eat specific foods aroused by environmental and social
cues
Hunger - ✔✔physiological sensation that prompts us to eat
Satiety - ✔✔the feeling of being full
Why do we want to eat? - ✔✔nerve receptors in the stomach send signals to the brain to
indicate if the stomach is full/empty. blood glucose levels trigger the release of hormones called
INSULIN and GLUCAGON:
Increase of glucose-->insulin-->satiety
Decrease of glucose-->release of glucagon-->hunger
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
2024/2025
Organic Nutrients - ✔✔contains:
- carbon
- carbohydrates
- fat
- protein
- vitamins
Inorganic Nutrients - ✔✔contains:
- DO NOT contain carbon
- minerals
- water
Calorie - ✔✔(kilocalorie) unit of measuring heat energy needed to raise 1 kg of water to 1
degree celcius
Has calories:
1. carbohydrate
2. fat
3. protein
Has no calories:
1. water
2. minerals
3. vitamins
,Phytochemicals - ✔✔non-nutrient compounds found in plants that give them their aroma,
color, and flavor; yield no energy
DRI - ✔✔(dietary reference intakes):
composed of RDA, EAR, AI, UL, ADMR, & EER
RDA - ✔✔(recommended dietary allowances):
RECOMMENDED NOT REQUIRED
yardstick for measuring healthy people's energy and nutrient intakes; average daily intake level
required to meet the needs of 97%-98% of most healthy ppl in each category. Guide for
HEALTHY PPL ONLY
Uses of the RDA - ✔✔1. to plan and evaluate diets of the population
2. estimate risk of deficiencies over time
3. determine the adequacy of diets in surveys
4. establish guidelines for food assistants programs
5. guidelines for food labeling
6. develop new food products
UL - ✔✔(tolerable upper intake levels):
maximum level of nutrients intake that is unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects
- need for ULs grew out of increase in the practice of fortifying foods coupled w/ the popular
use of supplements
AI - ✔✔(adequate intake):
recommended average daily intake level for nutrients; based on observations and expermintally
determined estimates of nutrient intakes by healthy ppl
- used when the RDA hasn't been established
, EAR - ✔✔(estimated average requirement):
average daily intake level of nutrients that will meet the needs of 50% of ppl. expressed as a
daily value averaged over time (@ least 1 week)
- If EAR can't be determined for nutrient, then it can't have RDA, so AI value determined
AMDR - ✔✔(acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges):
% of the energy intake that should come from each macronutrient
Percent Daily Value - ✔✔how much a serving of food contributes to your overall intake of
the listed nutrients on the facts panel
- 5/20 rule: less than 5% DV of nutrient = low, more than 20% DV of a nutrient = high
- based on a 2,000 calorie diet
- RDI standards for foods with RDA (protein & vitamins)
- DRV standards for foods w/o RDA (fiber, cholesterol, saturated fats)
Appetite - ✔✔psychological desire to eat specific foods aroused by environmental and social
cues
Hunger - ✔✔physiological sensation that prompts us to eat
Satiety - ✔✔the feeling of being full
Why do we want to eat? - ✔✔nerve receptors in the stomach send signals to the brain to
indicate if the stomach is full/empty. blood glucose levels trigger the release of hormones called
INSULIN and GLUCAGON:
Increase of glucose-->insulin-->satiety
Decrease of glucose-->release of glucagon-->hunger
